Table 1.
The characteristics of patients with COVID-19 with or without diabetes
| Variable | Total (n=16,391) | Diabetes (n=1365) | Non-diabetes (n=15,026) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number (%) | Number (%) | Number (%) | ||
| Age, median (IQR) | 38 (30–51) | 59 (49–67) | 37 (29–49) | <0.001 |
| Gender | ||||
| Male | 8940 (54.55) | 607 (44.50) | 8333 (55.50) | <0.001 |
| Female | 7446 (45.45) | 758 (55.50) | 6688 (44.50) | |
| Symptoms | ||||
| Fever | 11258 (68.70) | 1075 (78.80) | 10183 (67.80) | <0.001 |
| Cough | 11106 (67.80) | 1035 (75.80) | 10071 (67.00) | <0.001 |
| Dyspnea | 8086 (49.30) | 910 (66.70) | 7176 (47.80) | <0.001 |
| Muscular pain | 1520 (9.30) | 124 (9.10) | 1396 (9.30) | 0.801 |
| Diarrhea | 351 (2.10) | 26 (1.90) | 325 (2.20) | 0.528 |
| Nausea | 436 (2.70) | 39 (2.90) | 397 (2.60) | 0.636 |
| Sore throat | 1239 (7.60) | 79 (5.80) | 1160 (7.70) | 0.010 |
| Anorexia | 78 (0.50) | 6 (0.40) | 72 (0.50) | 0.839 |
| Headache | 618 (3.80) | 57 (4.20) | 561 (3.70) | 0.270 |
| Fatigue | 54 (0.30) | 3 (0.20) | 51 (0.30) | 0.460 |
| Chest pain | 121 (0.70) | 4 (0.30) | 117 (0.80) | 0.045 |
| Decreased sense of smell | 378 (2.30) | 10 (0.70) | 368 (2.40) | <0.001 |
| Decreased sense of taste | 85 (0.50) | 1 (0.10) | 84 (0.60) | 0.017 |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Hypertension | 896 (5.50) | 418 (30.60) | 478 (3.20) | <0.001 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 815 (5.00) | 266 (19.50) | 549 (3.70) | <0.001 |
| Immunodeficiency | 87 (0.50) | 24 (1.80) | 63 (0.40) | <0.001 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 285 (1.70) | 72 (5.30) | 213 (1.40) | <0.001 |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 314 (1.90) | 56 (4.10) | 258 (1.70) | <0.001 |
| Chronic liver disease | 40 (0.20) | 13 (1.00) | 27 (0.20) | <0.001 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 52 (0.30) | 18 (1.30) | 34 (0.20) | <0.001 |
| Exposure to disease | 10256 (62.60) | 755 (55.30) | 9501 (63.20) | <0.001 |
| Mortality | 691 (4.20) | 196 (14.40) | 495 (3.30) | <0.001 |