Table 1.
Characteristics of the study participants (n=464)
| Characteristics | Mean±SD or n (%) |
|---|---|
| Socio-demographic factors | |
| Age (yr) | 39.0±11.4 |
| 21-30 | 153 (33.0) |
| 31-40 | 121 (26.1) |
| ≥41 | 190 (41.0) |
| Sex | |
| Male | 369 (79.5) |
| Female | 95 (20.5) |
| Ethnicity | |
| Chinese | 296 (63.8) |
| Malay | 99 (21.4) |
| Indian | 48 (10.3) |
| Others1 | 21 (4.5) |
| Education | |
| Primary and secondary | 116 (25.0) |
| Pre-college | 183 (39.4) |
| College and above | 165 (35.6) |
| Average monthly income (US$) | |
| <2,890 | 331 (71.3) |
| ≥2,890 | 133 (28.7) |
| Health/lifestyle factors | |
| Overweight/obesity (BMI ≥23 kg/m2) | |
| No | 153 (33.0) |
| Yes | 311 (67.0) |
| Comorbidities | |
| No | 295 (63.6) |
| ≥1 | 169 (36.4) |
| Physical activity (MET-min/wk) | |
| Low (<600) | 107 (23.1) |
| Moderate (600-2,999) | 200 (43.1) |
| High (≥3,000) | 157 (33.8) |
| Sedentary behaviour (hr) | 6.7±3.7 |
| Smoking status | |
| Non-smoker | 303 (65.3) |
| Current smoker | 161 (34.7) |
| Alcohol drinking | |
| Non-drinker | 216 (46.5) |
| Less than once a month | 161 (34.7) |
| More than once a month | 87 (18.8) |
| Sleep quality – PSQI score | 5.5±2.8 |
| Work-related factors | |
| Shift work | |
| No | 298 (64.2) |
| Yes | 166 (35.8) |
| Work location | |
| Aboveground | 322 (69.4) |
| Underground | 142 (30.6) |
| Occupation type | |
| Desk job | 365 (78.7) |
| Non-desk job | 99 (21.3) |
| Stress at work | |
| Never | 80 (17.3) |
| Some | 279 (60.1) |
| Several periods/permanent stress | 105 (22.6) |
| Hours at work | 8.6±1.3 |
| Years at company2 | 3.0 [1.0, 7.0)] |
SD, standard deviation; BMI, body mass index; MET, metabolic equivalent task; PSQI, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index.
1
Includes mixed ethnicities, Indonesians, and Filipinos.
2
Median [interquartile range] reported for non-normally distributed variables.