Table 4.
Results of generalized linear models for the SF-36v2 PCS and MCS (n=464)
| Characteristics | Model 1 |
Model 2 |
Model 3 |
Model 4 |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCS | MCS | PCS | MCS | PCS | MCS | PCS | MCS | |||
| Socio-demographic factors | ||||||||||
| Age (yr) | ||||||||||
| 21-30 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference (0.001)2 | ||
| 31-40 | -1.66 (0.031) | 1.01 (0.283) | -0.94 (0.201) | 1.02 (0.248) | -1.35 (0.071) | 1.43 (0.105) | -1.20 (0.099) | 1.48 (0.081) | ||
| ≥41 | -0.66 (0.425) | 2.97 (0.001) | 0.29 (0.709) | 2.93 (0.001) | -1.13 (0.204) | 3.14 (0.001) | -0.69 (0.426) | 3.02 (<0.001) | ||
| Sex | ||||||||||
| Male | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||
| Female | 0.30 (0.654) | 0.96 (0.242) | -0.40 (0.545) | 0.86 (0.285) | -0.60 (0.398) | 0.43 (0.598) | -0.74 (0.256) | 0.43 (0.590) | ||
| Ethnicity | ||||||||||
| Chinese | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference (0.006)2 | Reference (0.111)2 | ||
| Malay | -3.95 (<0.001) | -0.07 (0.945) | -3.55 (<0.001) | -0.53 (0.635) | -3.12 (0.001) | -0.73 (0.527) | -3.22 (0.001) | -0.62 (0.578) | ||
| Indian | -1.27 (0.210) | 1.91 (0.080) | -1.54 (0.121) | 1.25 (0.263) | -1.27 (0.213) | 0.43 (0.693) | -1.25 (0.203) | 0.51 (0.642) | ||
| Others2 | -0.40 (0.737) | 2.52 (0.101) | 0.06 (0.958) | 2.99 (0.047) | 0.52 (0.635) | 2.85 (0.029) | 0.37 (0.735) | 2.90 (0.028) | ||
| Education | ||||||||||
| Primary and secondary | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference (0.070)2 | Reference | ||
| Pre-college | 1.26 (0.134) | 0.90 (0.344) | 1.32 (0.085) | 1.32 (0.139) | 1.19 (0.141) | 1.63 (0.082) | 1.14 (0.137) | 1.67 (0.074) | ||
| College and above | 2.63 (0.009) | 0.97 (0.374) | 2.18 (0.014) | 0.57 (0.591) | 2.13 (0.036) | 1.04 (0.346) | 2.13 (0.021) | 1.12 (0.295) | ||
| Average monthly income (US$) | ||||||||||
| <2,890 | Reference | Reference | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
| ≥2,890 | 0.54 (0.446) | -0.98 (0.269) | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
| Health/lifestyle factors | ||||||||||
| Overweight/obesity | ||||||||||
| No | - | - | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | - | ||
| Yes | - | - | -1.40 (0.019) | 1.06 (0.151) | -1.19 (0.049) | 0.47 (0.513) | -1.43 (0.015) | - | ||
| Comorbidities | ||||||||||
| No | - | - | Reference | Reference | - | Reference | - | Reference | ||
| ≥1 | - | - | -0.29 (0.640) | -1.26 (0.106) | - | -1.03 (0.170) | - | -0.98 (0.189) | ||
| Physical activity (MET-min/wk) | ||||||||||
| Low (<600) | - | - | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||
| Moderate (600-2,999) | - | - | 0.98 (0.177) | 1.21 (0.145) | 0.86 (0.254) | 1.16 (0.161) | 0.78 (0.276) | 1.17 (0.157) | ||
| High (≥3,000) | - | - | 1.26 (0.118) | 1.18 (0.219) | 1.92 (0.020) | 1.33 (0.190) | 1.40 (0.077) | 1.37 (0.172) | ||
| Sedentary behaviour (hr) | - | - | 0.22 (0.010) | -0.04 (0.669) | 0.13 (0.152) | 0.16 (0.073) | ||||
| Smoking status | ||||||||||
| Non-smoker | - | - | Reference | Reference | - | - | - | - | ||
| Current smoker | - | - | -0.13 (0.845) | 0.10 (0.910) | - | - | - | - | ||
| Alcohol drinking | ||||||||||
| Non-drinker | - | - | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||
| Less than once a month | - | - | -1.16 (0.101) | -1.63 (0.035) | -0.90 (0.195) | -1.27 (0.104) | -1.16 (0.094) | -1.29 (0.098) | ||
| More than once a month | - | - | 0.35 (0.639) | -2.20 (0.026) | 0.20 (0.790) | -1.87 (0.068) | 0.24 (0.737) | -1.93 (0.060) | ||
| Sleep quality - PSQI score | - | - | -0.57 (<0.001) | -1.01 (<0.001) | -0.61 (<0.001) | -0.74 (<0.001) | -0.57 (<0.001) | -0.74 (<0.001) | ||
| Work-related factors | ||||||||||
| Shift work | ||||||||||
| No | - | - | - | - | Reference | Reference | - | - | ||
| Yes | - | - | - | - | 0.49 (0.497) | -0.31 (0.671) | - | - | ||
| Work location | ||||||||||
| Aboveground | - | - | - | - | Reference | Reference | - | - | ||
| Underground | - | - | - | - | -0.27 (0.671) | -0.47 (0.511) | - | - | ||
| Occupation type | ||||||||||
| Desk job | - | - | - | - | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||
| Non-desk job | - | - | - | - | 1.64 (0.118) | 1.68 (0.110) | 1.36 (0.147) | 1.62 (0.109) | ||
| Stress at work | ||||||||||
| Never | - | - | - | - | Reference | Reference | - | Reference (<0.001)2 | ||
| Some | - | - | - | - | 0.23 (0.783) | -4.02 (<0.001) | - | -4.06 (<0.001) | ||
| Several periods/permanent stress | - | - | - | - | 0.73 (0.469) | -7.79 (<0.001) | - | -7.90 (<0.001) | ||
| Hours at work | - | - | - | - | 0.15 (0.512) | -0.33 (0.178) | - | -0.38 (0.108) | ||
| Years at company | - | - | - | - | 0.10 (0.013) | -0.02 (0.711) | 0.08 (0.031) | - | ||
Values are presented as coefficient (p-value).
SF-36v2, 36-item Short-Form Survey version 2.0; PCS, physical component summary score; MCS, mental component score; BMI, body mass index; MET, metabolic equivalent task; PSQI, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index.
1
Includes mixed ethnicities, Indonesians, and Filipinos.
2
Overall p-value for significant categorical variables with more than two levels.