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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Feb 9.
Published in final edited form as: Annu Rev Physiol. 2018 Oct 24;81:189–209. doi: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-020518-114504

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Signaling pathways involved in gastrointestinal epithelial restitution. In order to regain homeostasis after injury, gastrointestinal epithelial cells need to migrate and proliferate. Cells in the edges of wounds migrate to cover denuded surfaces while cells behind the migration front proliferate to accelerate this process. Abbreviations: Dsg2, desmoglein-2 Ecad, E-cadherin; FAK, focal adhesion kinase; FPR, formyl peptide receptor; GPCR, G protein–coupled receptor; HIF-1, hypoxia-induced factor 1; IHH, Indian Hedgehog; MMP, metalloproteinase; Nox1, NADPH oxidase 1; ROS, reactive oxygen species; SAA, serum amyloid factor A.