Table 2. Main Results of Associations Between PPI Use and Risk for Asthma.
| Analysis | PPI initiators (n = 80 870) | Noninitiators (n = 80 870) | Absolute risk difference in incidence (95% CI)a | HR (95% CI) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of events | Incidence ratea | No. of events | Incidence ratea | |||
| Primary analysis | 4428 | 21.8 | 2818 | 14.0 | 7.9 (7.1-8.7) | 1.57 (1.49-1.64) |
| Secondary analyses | ||||||
| Asthma definition | ||||||
| Diagnosis of asthma | 863 | 4.3 | 561 | 2.8 | 1.5 (1.1-1.8) | 1.53 (1.38-1.70) |
| 2 Asthma drug prescription fills within 90 d | 3565 | 17.6 | 2257 | 11.2 | 6.4 (5.7-7.1) | 1.57 (1.49-1.66) |
| Timing of asthma onset (days after treatment initiation) | ||||||
| ≤90 | 592 | 29.5 | 365 | 18.2 | 11.3 (8.3-14.3) | 1.62 (1.42-1.85) |
| 91-180 | 576 | 29.3 | 333 | 16.9 | 12.4 (9.4-15.4) | 1.73 (1.52-1.98) |
| ≥181 | 3260 | 20.0 | 2120 | 13.1 | 6.9 (6.0-7.8) | 1.53 (1.45-1.62) |
| Individual drugsb | ||||||
| Esomeprazole | 1250 | 52.2 | 777 | 31.8 | 20.4 (16.8-24.1) | 1.64 (1.50-1.79) |
| Lansoprazole | 305 | 37.4 | 204 | 25.1 | 12.2 (6.8-17.6) | 1.49 (1.25-1.78) |
| Omeprazole | 2854 | 16.8 | 1985 | 11.8 | 5.0 (4.2-5.8) | 1.43 (1.35-1.51) |
| Pantoprazole | 37 | 17.4 | 16 | 7.5 | 10.0 (3.3-16.6) | 2.33 (1.30-4.18) |
Abbreviations: HR, hazard ratio; PPI, proton pump inhibitor.
a
Calculated as events per 1000 person-years.
b
Rabeprazole was not analyzed due to small sample size (n = 6). The numbers of matched pairs of each subcohort were 11 305 for esomeprazole, 3219 for lansoprazole, 65 860 for omeprazole, and 821 for pantoprazole.