Table 2.
Primary and secondary outcomes
| Non-invasive ventilation (n = 86) | High-flow nasal oxygen alone (n = 64) | Absolute difference % (95% CI) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary outcome | ||||
| Reintubation at day 7, n (%) | 11 (13%) | 17 (27%) | − 14 (− 27 to − 1) | 0.032 |
| Secondary outcomes | ||||
| Post-extubation respiratory failure, n (%) | 22 (26%) | 23 (36%) | − 10 (− 25 to 4) | 0.171 |
| Use of NIV to treat post-extubation respiratory failure, n (%) | 19/22 (86%) | 6/23 (26%) | 60 (32 to 76) | < 0.001 |
| Reintubation at day 7 among patients with post-extubation respiratory failure, n (%) | 10/22 (45%) | 14/23 (61%) | − 15 (− 40 to 13) | 0.300 |
| Reintubation at 48 h, n (%) | 7 (8%) | 11 (17%) | − 9 (− 21 to 2) | 0.092 |
| Reintubation at 72 h, n (%) | 8 (9%) | 15 (23%) | − 14 (− 27 to − 2) | 0.018 |
| Reintubation in ICU, n (%) | 11 (13%) | 18 (28%) | − 15 (− 28 to − 2) | 0.019 |
| Length of stay in ICU, median (IQR), days | 13 [8–21] | 12 [8-19] | – | 0.908 |
| Length of stay in hospital, median (IQR), days | 26 [14–47] | 23 [16–32] | – | 0.406 |
| Mortality in ICU, n (%) | 5 (6%) | 6 (9%) | − 4 (− 14 to 5) | 0.408 |
| Mortality in hospital, n (%) | 15 (17%) | 8 (12%) | 5 (− 7 to 16) | 0.406 |
Italic means that there is a significant difference (p < 0.05)
NIV non-invasive ventilation, CI confidence interval, ICU intensive care unit, IQR interquartile range (25–75th percentiles)