Table 2.

Participants’ background characteristics and differences in the outcome variables (N = 13)

Characteristics	Categories	M (SD)/N (%)	CF		SCC		SCT
			M (SD)	p	M (SD)	p	M (SD)	p
Age (years)		44.69 (9.69)	–	–	–	–	–	–
	< 39	6 (46.2)	2.26 (0.42)	.445*	3.12 (0.69)	.366*	3.07 (0.75)	.445*
	> 40	7 (53.8)	2.11 (0.31)		3.48 (0.24)		3.35 (0.32)
Marital status	Not married	6 (46.2)	2.27 (0.34)	.534*	3.44 (0.42)	.628*	3.25 (0.58)	.836*
	Married	7 (53.8)	2.10 (0.38)		3.22 (0.59)		3.19 (0.57)
Educational level	Undergraduate	9 (69.2)	2.09 (0.39)	.260*	3.33 (0.57)	.604*	3.25 (0.59)	.604*
	Graduate	4 (30.8)	2.37 (0.18)		3.29 (0.41)		3.16 (0.53)
Religion	Have	11 (84.6)	2.13 (0.37)	.231*	3.31 (0.56)	.923*	3.26 (0.57)	.513*
	None	2 (15.4)	2.44 (0.09)		3.39 (0.18)		3.03 (0.54)
Type of job	Nurse	8 (61.5)	2.34 (0.32)	.099†	3.38 (0.41)	.922†	3.26 (0.50)	.872†
	Social worker	2 (15.4)	2.06 (0.35)		2.93 (1.26)		2.85 (1.21)
	Other	3 (23.1)	1.81 (0.17)		3.42 (0.15)		3.35 (0.27)
Experience of hospice care education	Have	9 (69.2)	2.28 (0.35)	.148*	3.25 (0.61)	.604*	3.18 (0.66)	.825*
	None	4 (30.8)	1.94 (0.28)		3.47 (0.16)		3.31 (0.24)
Length of clinical career (years)		153.38 ± 94.40	–		–		–
	Under 5	2 (15.4)	1.66 (0.04)	.080†	3.61 (0.39)	.521†	3.56 (0.71)	.580†
	5–10	3 (23.1)	2.19 (0.22)		3.00 (0.85)		2.86 (0.76)
	Above 10	8 (61.5)	2.31 (0.33)		3.37 (0.39)		3.27(0.45)
Length of hospice care career (years)		84.92 (54.51)	–		–		–
	Under 5	5 (38.5)	2.04 (0.36)	.321†	3.13 (0.68)	.722†	2.94 (0.75)	.298†
	5–10	5 (38.5)	2.36 (0.30)		3.44 (0.38)		3.34 (0.39)
	Above 10	3 (23.1)	2.10 (0.45)		3.43 (0.48)		3.49 (0.28)
Educational needs for spiritual caring	Have	12 (92.3)	–		–		–
	None	1 (7.7)	–		–		–

CF Compassion fatigue

SCC Spiritual care competencies

SCT Spiritual care therapeutics

^*: Mann-Whitney U test

†^: Kruskal-Wallis test