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. 2021 Feb 8;14:28. doi: 10.1186/s13041-020-00724-z

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 5 — Effect of the chronic treatment with vehicle (kolliphor 5% in saline, v/v, i.p.) or PEA-OXA (10 mg/kg, i.p.) on cognitive behavior, the release of amino acids and DG extracellular recordings in sham and SNI mice. a The effect of vehicle or PEA-OXA on the latency to reach the platform in sham and SNI mice during the 5 days of training phase in the Morris water maze (MWM). b The effect of vehicle or PEA-OXA on the time spent in the target quadrant in the MWM probe test in sham and SNI mice. c The effect of vehicle or PEA-OXA on the track-plot occupancy in the MWM probe test in sham and SNI mice. d The effect of vehicle or PEA-OXA on the percentage of alternations in the y-maze. e, f The effect of vehicle or PEA-OXA on the extracellular level of glutamate (l-Glu) and GABA in the DG of sham and SNI mice. g Representative traces recorded before (dashed line) and after (full line) the induction of the LTP (time 0) in the DG of sham and SNI mice, treated with vehicle or with PEA-OXA. Data are represented as mean ± SEM. Two-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey's post hoc test for multiple comparisons test was used for statistical analysis. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Symbols indicate significant differences: *vs Sham/veh (p < 0.05), ***vs Sham/veh (p < 0.001), ****vs Sham/veh (p < 0.0001), ^#vs SNI/veh (p < 0.05), ^###vs SNI/veh (p < 0.001), ^####vs SNI/veh (p < 0.0001), respectively. h–k The fEPSPs amplitude and slope recorded before and after the induction of the LTP (time 0) in the DG of sham and SNI mice treated with vehicle or PEA-OXA. LTP magnitude was calculated as a percentage of the baseline between the last 40 and 60 min of recording. Data are represented as mean ± SEM. RM Two-way ANOVA, followed by Dunnett’s or Tukey's post hoc tests for multiple comparisons tests were performed for comparison vs PRE-TBS and among groups during the time course, respectively. Symbols indicate significant differences: ^§§§vs PRE-TBS (0–15 min) (p < 0.001), ^§§§§vs PRE-TBS (0–15 min) (p < 0.0001), ****vs Sham/veh (p < 0.0001), ^####vs SNI/veh (p < 0.0001), respectively