Fig. 2.

Path model analyzed. Note: a1–a12 path (bolded solid lines): concurrent relationships; b1–b5 path (solid lines): stability paths; c1–c6 path (dashed lines): cross-lagged paths; d1–d6 path (dotted lines): alternative cross-lagged paths. W Wave. N = 350. In total, four separate models were fitted, using either parental perpetual foreigner stereotype or parental bicultural management difficulty as the exogenous variable, in two types of parent–adolescent dyads (father–adolescent and mother–adolescent). Three measures of adolescent outcomes were included in a model simultaneously