Table 3.
Association between gestational age and body fat indicators
| FM (kg) | %FM | FMI (kg/m2) | BMIa (kg/m2) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β (CI95%) | β (CI95%) | β (CI95%) | β (CI95%) | |||||
| Gestational age | Crude | Adjusted | Crude | Adjusted | Crude | Adjusted | Crude | Adjusted |
| Male | ||||||||
| 6 y (2004 Cohort) | p < 0.001 | p = 0.046 | p < 0.001 | p = 0.008 | p < 0.001 | p = 0.004 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 |
| ≤ 33 | − 1.29 (−2.50; − 0.09) | 0.22 (− 1.06; 1.51) | − 2.72 (−5.31; − 0.14) | − 0.67 (− 3.64; 2.30) | − 0.76 (− 1.47; − 0.06) | − 0.54 (− 1.38; − 0.31) | − 0,76 (− 1.26; − 0.26) | − 0.78(− 1.36; 0.20) |
| 34 to 36 | − 0.97 (− 1.54; − 0.39) | − 0.80 (− 1.45; − 0.16) | − 2.32 (− 5.31; − 0.14) | −2.39 (− 3.90; − 0.88) | − 0.57 (− 0.91; − 0.23) | −0.70 (− 1.13; − 0.27) | −0.60 (− 0.84; − 0.36) | −0.69 (− 0.99; − 0.40) |
| 37 to 41 | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref |
| 18 y (1993 Cohort) | p = 0.873 | p = 0.469 | p = 0.711 | p = 0.461 | p = 0.938 | p = 0.754 | p = 0.839 | p = 0.951 |
| ≤ 33 | −0.36 (− 3.75; 3.02) | −0.94 (− 4.81; 2.93) | − 1.16 (− 4.26; 1.94) | − 1.57 (− 4.73; 1.59) | −0.10 (− 0.63; 0.44) | −0.31 (− 1.25; 0.63) | 0.02 (− 1.45; 1.48) | 0.10 (− 1.75; 1.96) |
| 34 to 36 | −0.41 (− 2.08; 1.25) | 0.59 (− 1.19; 2.38) | −0.32 (− 1.84; 1.20) | 0.59 (− 1.05; 2.24) | − 0.01 (− 1.10; 1.08) | 0.09 (− 0.40; 0.57) | − 0.22 (− 0.95; 0.51) | −0.11 (− 0.87; 0.64) |
| 37 to 41 | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref |
| 30 y (1982 Cohort) | p = 0.053 | p = 0.102 | p = 0.013 | p = 0.085 | p = 0.037 | p = 0.114 | p = 0.290 | p = 0.319 |
| ≤ 33 | 13.53 (2.20; 24.87) | 15.67 (0.25; 31.09) | 13.13 (4.24; 22.0) | 13.52 (1.17; 25.87) | 4.59 (0.96; 8.22) | 5.11 (0.09; 10.13) | 3.68 (− 1.17; 8.54) | 3.98 (− 2.64; 10.61) |
| 34 to 36 | −0.62 (− 2.64; 1.40) | −0.78 (− 2.86; 1.29) | −0.46 (− 2.04; 1.12) | −0.46 (− 2.10; 1.19) | −0.21 (− 0.85; 0.44) | −0.19 (− 0.86; 0.47) | −0.21 (− 1.08; 0.65) | −0.42 (− 1.31; 0.47) |
| 37 to 41 | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref |
| Female | ||||||||
| 6 y (2004 Cohort) | p = 0.002 | p = 0.539 | p = 0.001 | p = 0.442 | p = 0.003 | p = 0.113 | p = 0.004 | p = 0.116 |
| ≤ 33 | −1.01 (− 2.34; 0.33) | −0.16 (− 2.00; 1.69 | − 1.54 (− 3.58; − 1.02) | −0.86 (− 5.04; 3.31) | −0.44 (− 1.25; 0.37) | −0.49 (− 0.99; 0.00) | −0.21 (− 0.68; 0.27) | −0.31 (− 1.03; 0.42) |
| 34 to 36 | −1.06 (− 1.69; − 0.44) | −0.40 (− 1.12; 0.31) | − 2.30 (− 4.29; 1.20) | −1.03 (− 2.66; 0.60) | −0.63 (− 1.01; − 0.26) | −0.57 (− 1.85; 0.71) | −0.32 (− 0.54; − 0.10) | −0.28 (− 0.56; 0.00) |
| 37 to 41 | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref |
| 18 y (1993 Cohort) | p = 0.666 | p = 0.554 | p = 0.519 | p = 0.418 | p = 0.710 | p = 0.442 | p = 0.746 | p = 0.440 |
| ≤ 33 | −1.34 (− 4.27; 1.58) | − 1.53 (− 4.39; 1.34) | −1.41 (− 3.83; 1.01) | −1.52 (− 4.07; 1.04) | −0.47 (− 1.58; 0.65) | − 0.62 (− 1.66; 0.43) | −0.40 (− 1.89; 1.09) | −0.76 (− 2.10; 0.58) |
| 34 to 36 | − 0.05 (− 1.74; 1.65) | 0.20 (− 1.46; 1.85) | − 0.13 (− 1.53; 1.28) | 0.37 (− 0.97; 1.72) | 0.02 (− 0.63; 0.66) | 0.14 (− 0.46; 0.74) | 0.23 (− 0.63; 1.10) | 0.22 (− 0.55; 1.00) |
| 37 to 41 | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref |
| 30 y (1982 Cohort) | p = 0.401 | p = 0.535 | p = 0.262 | p = 0.369 | p = 0.426 | p = 0.569 | p = 0.434 | p = 0.459 |
| ≤ 33 | −4.10 (− 14.76; 6.56) | − 2.59 (− 12.73; 7.54) | −0.37 (− 7.82; 7.09) | 0.18 (− 6.95; 7.32) | −1.39 (− 5.43; 2.65) | − 1.06 (− 4.92; 2.81) | −2.55 (− 7.80; 2.70) | −2.29 (− 7.32; 2.74) |
| 34 to 36 | −1.17 (− 3.17; 0.84) | −1.07 (− 3.16; 1.01) | −1.17 (− 2.57; 0.23) | −1.04 (− 2.50; 0.41) | −0.44 (− 1.20; 0.32) | −0.37 (− 1.16; 2.81) | −0.45 (− 1.44; 0.54) | −0.49 (− 1.57; 0.59) |
| 37 to 41 | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref |
FM fat mass, %FM percentage of fat mass, FMI fat mass index, BMI body mass index
aAt 6 years, BMI in Z-score
β refers to linear regression models. Models were adjusted for maternal (education, age, family income at birth, smoking during pregnancy, and pre-gestational BMI) and the cohort participant characteristics (birth weight