Table 4.
Association between gestational age and fat-free mass indicators
| FFM (kg) | %FFM | FFMI (kg/m2) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β (CI95%) | β (CI95%) | β (CI95%) | ||||
| Gestational age | Crude | Adjusted | Crude | Adjusted | Crude | Adjusted |
| Male | ||||||
| 6 y (2004 Cohort) | p < 0.001 | p = 0.010 | p < 0.001 | p = 0.008 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 |
| ≤ 33 | −1.6 (− 2.50; − 0.61) | −0.5 (− 1.16; 0.12) | 2.7 (0.11; 5.29) | 0.7 (− 2.26; 3.67) | − 0.5 (− 0.76; − 0.17) | − 0.5 (− 0.82; − 0.13) |
| 34 to 36 | −0.8 (− 1.29; − 0.37) | − 0.4 (− 0.77; − 0.12) | 2.1 (0.89; 3.40) | 2.4 (0.87; 3.90) | −0.3 (− 0.42; − 0.14) | −0.3 (− 0.46; − 0.10) |
| 37 to 41 | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref |
| 18 y (1993 Cohort) | p = 0.192 | p = 0.684 | p = 0.711 | p = 0.454 | p = 0.911 | p = 0.562 |
| ≤ 33 | −0.7 (−3.30; 1.86) | 0.4 (− 1.60; 2.43) | 1.2 (− 1.94; 4.26) | 1.6 (− 1.59; 4.72) | − 0.05 (− 1.01; 0.90) | −0.4 (− 1.41; 0.54) |
| 34 to 36 | −1.1 (− 2.40; 0.13) | − 0.4 (− 1.41; 0.63) | 0.3 (− 1.20; 1.84) | −0.6 (− 2.17; 0.98) | −0.10 (− 0.57; 0.37) | 0.1 (− 0.34; 0.63) |
| 37 to 41 | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref |
| 30 y (1982 Cohort) | p = 0.667 | p = 0.451 | p = 0.013 | p = 0.085 | p = 0.669 | p = 0.814 |
| ≤ 33 | −3.46 (−11.21; 4.30) | − 2.48 (− 10.95; 5.99) | −13.13 (− 22.03; − 4.24) | −13.52 (− 25.87; − 1.17) | − 0.92 (− 2.93; 1.09) | −1.01 (− 3.77; 1.75) |
| 34 to 36 | 0.14 (− 1.24; 1.52) | − 0.69 (− 1.90; 0.51) | 0.46 (− 1.12; 2.04) | 0.46 (− 1.19; 2.10) | − 0.01 (− 0.37; 0.35) | −0.22 (− 0.62; 0.17) |
| 37 to 41 | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref |
| Female | ||||||
| 6 y (2004 Cohort) | p = 0.005 | p = 0.946 | p = 0.001 | p = 0.442 | p = 0.041 | p = 0.180 |
| ≤ 33 | −1.2 (− 2.14; − 0.19) | 0.03 (− 0.88; 0.95) | 1.5 (− 1.29; 4.27) | 0.9 (−3.1; 5.04) | − 0.3 (− 0.57; 0.04) | −0.2 (− 0.71; 0.24) |
| 34 to 36 | − 0.6 (− 1.00; − 0.10) | −0.06 (− 0.42; 0.30) | 2.3 (1.03; 3.60) | 1.0 (− 0.60; 2.66) | −0.1 (− 0.29; − 0.00) | −0.2 (− 0.34; 0.03) |
| 37 to 41 | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref |
| 18 y (1993 Cohort) | p = 0.621 | p = 0.646 | p = 0.519 | p = 0.386 | p = 0.685 | p = 0.471 |
| ≤ 33 | −0.2 (− 1.71; 1.41) | −0.2 (− 1.47; 1.15) | 1.4 (− 1.01; 3.83) | 1.6 (− 0.82; 3.96) | −0.40 (− 1.29; 0.50) | −0.5 (− 1.40; 0.38) |
| 34 to 36 | 0.4 (− 0.47; 1.34) | 0.3 (− 0.41; 1.10) | 0.1 (− 1.28; 1.53) | − 0.3 (− 1.71; 1.09) | 0.00 (− 0.52; 0.52) | 0.1 (− 0.41; 0.63) |
| 37 to 41 | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref |
| 30 y (1982 Cohort) | p = 0.252 | p = 0.200 | p = 0.262 | p = 0.369 | p = 0.369 | p = 0.349 |
| ≤ 33 | −4.04 (−8.82; 073) | −3.09 (− 6.96; 0.78) | 0.37 (− 7.09; 7.82) | − 0.18 (− 7.32; 6.95) | − 1.14 (− 2.73; 0.44) | − 0.90 (− 2.39; 0.59) |
| 34 to 36 | − 0.02 (− 0.92; 0.88) | − 0.39 (− 1.24; 0.45) | 1.17 (− 0.23; 2.57) | 1.04 (− 0.41; 2.50) | − 0.00 (− 0.30; 0.30) | −0.14 (− 0.47; 0.18) |
| 37 to 41 | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref |
FFM fat-free mass, %FFM percentage of fat-free mass, FFMI fat-free mass index
β refers to linear regression models. Models were adjusted for maternal (education, age, family income at birth, smoking during pregnancy, and pre-gestational BMI) and cohort participant characteristics (birth weight in z-score, skin color and height (except for FFMI))