Table 6.
Association between birth weight for gestational age and fat-free mass indicators
| FFM (kg) | %FFM | FFMI (kg/m2) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β (CI95%) | β (CI95%) | β (CI95%) | ||||
| Gestational age | Crude | Adjusted | Crude | Adjusted | Crude | Adjusted |
| Male | ||||||
| 6 y (2004 Cohort) | p < 0.001 | p = 0.031 | p = 0.246 | p = 0.175 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 |
| SGA | −1.39 (− 1.91; −0.87) | −0.09 (− 0.46; 0.29) | 1.12 (− 0.32; 2.57) | −1.07 (− 0.43; 2.13) | −0.39 (− 0.55; − 0.23) | −0.40 (− 0.60; − 0.20) |
| AGA | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref |
| LGA | 1.10 (0.73; 1.47) | 0.35 (0.08; 0.62) | −0.24 (−1.27; 0.78) | 0.85 (− 0.43; 2.13) | 0.34 (0.23; 0.46) | 0.27 (0.12; 0.42) |
| 18 y (1993 Cohort) | p = 0.181 | p = 0.496 | p = 0.333 | p = 0.121 | p = 0.380 | p = 0.208 |
| SGA | 0.99 (−0.11; 2.09) | 0.47 (−0.40; 1.34) | − 0.14 (−1.47; 1.18) | −0.02 (− 1.37; 1.33) | 0.12 (− 0.29; 0.53) | 0.06 (− 0.35; 0.48) |
| AGA | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref |
| LGA | 0.45 (−0.62; 1.53) | −0.15 (− 0.99; 0.69) | −0.97 (− 2.26; 0.31) | −1.36 (− 2.67; 0.05) | 0.27 (− 0.13; 0.67) | 0.37 (− 0.04; 0.77) |
| 30 y (1982 Cohort) | p = 0.327 | p = 0.599 | p = 0.968 | p = 0.754 | p = 0.774 | p = 0.697 |
| SGA | −0.54 (−1.95; 0.86) | 0.63 (− 0.60; 1.86) | 0.12 (− 1.50; 1.74) | −0.08 (− 1.79; 1.63_ | 0.03 (− 0.33; 0.40) | 0.17 (− 0.23; 0.57) |
| AGA | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref |
| LGA | −0.85 (− 2.05; 0.35) | 0.16 (− 0.92; 1.24) | −0.13 (−1.52; 1.25) | −0.56 (− 2.02; 0.90) | −0.10 (− 0.41; 0.21) | 0.02 (− 0.33; 0.37) |
| Female | ||||||
| 6 y (2004 Cohort) | p < 0.001 | p = 0.633 | p = 0.011 | p = 0.738 | p < 0.001 | p = 0.010 |
| SGA | −1.03 (− 1.58; −0.49) | −0.17 (− 0.63; 0.29) | 1.44 (− 0.14; 3.01) | −0.75 (− 2.81; 1.30) | −0.33 (− 0.50; − 0.15) | −0.13 (− 0.37; 0.10) |
| AGA | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref |
| VLGA | 0.96 (0.59; 1.33) | 0.08 (−0.22; 0.39) | −1.18 (− 2.26; − 0.11) | 0.16 (− 1.21; 1.53) | 0.28 (0.17; 0.40) | 0.22 (0.06; 0.37) |
| 18 y (1993 Cohort) | p = 0.361 | p = 0.411 | p = 0.170 | p = 0.348 | p = 0.102 | p = 0.267 |
| SGA | 0.47 (−0.24; 1.17) | 0.36 (−0.23; 0.94) | − 0.95 (−2.04; 0.15) | −0.67 (−1.75; 0.40) | 0.40 (− 0.00; 0.81) | 0.30 (− 0.10; 0.70) |
| AGA | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref |
| LGA | −0.15 (− 0.93; 0.63) | 0.26 (− 0.39; 0.91) | 0.32 (− 0.89; 1.53) | 0.34 (− 0.85; 1.54) | −0.13 (− 0.58; 0.32) | −0.11 (− 0.56; 0.33)\ |
| 30 y (1982 Cohort) | p = 0.512 | p = 0.698 | p = 0.093 | p = 0.132 | p = 0.435 | p = 0.679 |
| SGA | 0.08 (−0.85; 1.01) | 0.37 (−0.49; 1.22) | − 0.70 (−2.12; 0.71) | −0.15 (−1.65; 1.34) | 0.18 (− 0.12; 0.49) | 0.15 (− 0.18; 0.47) |
| AGA | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref |
| LGA | −0.48 (−1.33; 0.37) | 0.11 (− 0.67; 0.89) | 1.18 (− 0.12; 2.47) | 1.34 (− 0.01; 2.69) | −0.05 (− 0.33; 0.23) | 0.02 (− 0.27; 0.32) |
FFM fat-free mass, %FFM percentage of fat-free mass, FFMI fat-free mass index, SGA small for gestational age, AGA adequate for gestational age, LGA large for gestational age
β refers to linear regression models. Models were adjusted for maternal (education, age, family income at birth, smoking during pregnancy, and pre-gestational BMI) and the cohort participant characteristics (skin color and height (except for FMI and BMI))