Table 1.
Characteristics of the study participants by adherence to the Southern European Atlantic Diet (SEAD)
| SEAD scorea (quartiles) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | Missing | |
| Deathsb | 181 | 159 | 145 | 162 | 77 |
| n | 688 | 761 | 787 | 929 | 318 |
| Sex—menc (%) | 40.1 | 46.8 | 46.9 | 47.5 | 42.1 |
| Agec | 70.3 (6.9) | 69.8 (6.9) | 69.8 (6.6) | 69.5 (6.2) | 71.0 (7.6) |
| Educational levelc (%) | |||||
| Primary or less | 66.0 | 58.2 | 61.1 | 53.1* | 61.1 |
| Secondary | 22.4 | 22.2 | 22.0 | 25.3 | 20.8 |
| University | 11.6 | 19.6 | 16.9 | 21.6 | 18.1 |
| Tobacco smokingc (%) | |||||
| Never | 60.2 | 54.9 | 59.5 | 59.4* | 61.6 |
| Former | 26.2 | 31.1 | 31.2 | 30.5 | 23.8 |
| Current | 13.5 | 14.0 | 9.3 | 10.0 | 14.5 |
| Diabetesc (%) | 18.0 | 12.8 | 19.8 | 20.3* | 21.6 |
| Cardiovascular diseasec (%) | 7.61 | 4.33 | 7.22 | 4.96 | 7.05 |
| Respiratory diseasec (%) | 8.82 | 7.85 | 9.68 | 6.77 | 6.32 |
| Musculoskeletal diseasec (%) | 53.0 | 47.4 | 51.8 | 49.2 | 49.3 |
| Cancerc (%) | 2.85 | 1.61 | 1.17 | 3.96* | 2.48 |
| Depressionc (%) | 12.1 | 7.4 | 9.9 | 5.8* | 11.7 |
| Leisure-time physical activityd (MET-hours/week) | 19.8 (13.4) | 20.7 (13.2) | 21.5 (13.5) | 22.9 (14.1)* | 19.7 (14.2) |
| Time watching TVd (h/day) | 2.89 (1.72) | 2.72 (1.47) | 2.77 (1.49) | 2.67 (1.40) | 2.88 (1.82) |
| Body mass indexd (kg/m2) | 28.2 (4.3) | 28.4 (4.3) | 29.0 (4.6) | 28.7 (4.3)* | 28.7 (5.3) |
| Energy intaked (kcal/day) | 2014 (531) | 1965 (492) | 1952 (464) | 1934 (453) | 1853 (594) |
| White meat consumptiond (g/day) | 33.3 (30.4) | 33.7 (29.3) | 37.8 (28.9) | 38.5 (27.0)* | 31.6 (30.0) |
| Fruit consumptiond (g/day) | 296 (181) | 324 (167) | 338 (176) | 341 (167)* | 310 (182) |
| Refined grains consumptiond (g/day) | 223 (92) | 206 (93) | 202 (92) | 177 (85)* | 204 (95) |
Values are means (standard deviations) unless otherwise indicated. *p value < 0.05 for differences in means (ANOVA) or proportions (Pearson’s chi-squared) across categories of the SEAD score
aSex-specific medians were used as the threshold for all food components, except wine. Quartile values of the SEAD score: quartile 1, ≤ 2; quartile 2, 3; quartile 3, 4; quartile 4, ≥ 5
bThe number of deaths/1000 person-years [95% confidence interval] for increasing quartiles of the SEAD score was 26.8 [22.6, 32.1], 20.5 [17.2, 24.7], 17.9 [15.0, 21.6], and 16.9 [14.2, 20.2], respectively
cAt baseline
dThree-year cumulative values (baseline and 3-year follow-up if available)