Table 2. Summary of ANCOVAs and MANCOVA Analyses Examining the Effect of Group (Participants With PD vs. Controls) on the Memory Measures (i.e., Forward Digit Span, Backward Digit Span and Vocabulary Tests) and Metamemory Dimensions (i.e., Seriousness of Forgetting, Mnemonic Usage and Retrospective Memory).
| Dependent Variable | df | SS | MS | F | p | MPD | Mcontrols | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Forward Digit Span | 5.69 | 6.71 | ||||||
| Main effect Group | 1 | 13.10 | 13.10 | 1.58 | .04 | .08 | ||
| Covariate CES-D | 1 | 4.85 | 4.85 | 1.58 | .21 | |||
| Backward Digit Span | 5.10 | 5.90 | ||||||
| Main effect Group | 1 | 12.28 | 12.28 | 4.61 | .03 | .08 | ||
| Covariate CES-D | 1 | 7.42 | 7.42 | 2.79 | .10 | |||
| Vocabulary | 43.82 | 53.30 | ||||||
| Main effect Group | 1 | 1117.21 | 1117.21 | 4.41 | .04 | .08 | ||
| Covariate CES-D | 1 | 744.99 | 744.99 | 2.94 | .09 | |||
| MFQ- Seriousness of Forgetting | 76.43 | 71.90 | ||||||
| Main effect Group | 1 | 233.23 | 233.23 | .67 | .42 | |||
| Covariates CES-D | 1 | 2678.31 | 2678.31 | 7.66 | .008 | |||
| Vocabulary | 1 | .001 | .001 | 14.69 | < .001 | |||
| MFQ- Mnemonic Usage | 29.60 | 32.63 | ||||||
| Main effect Group | 1 | 104.23 | 104.23 | .91 | .34 | |||
| Covariates CES-D | 1 | 22.48 | 22.48 | .20 | .66 | |||
| Vocabulary | 1 | .001 | .001 | < .001 | .99 | |||
| MFQ- Retrospective functioning compared to 1 year before | 3.66 | 4.53 | ||||||
| Main effect Group | 1 | 8.60 | 8.60 | 8.73 | .005 | .15 | ||
| Covariates CES-D | 1 | 11.66 | 11.66 | 11.83 | .001 | .19 | ||
| Vocabulary | 1 | .46 | .46 | .47 | .49 | |||
| MFQ- Retrospective functioning compared to 5 years before | 3.24 | 4.46 | ||||||
| Main effect Group | 1 | 17.10 | 17.10 | 12.69 | .001 | .20 | ||
| Covariates CES-D | 1 | 14.33 | 14.33 | 10.63 | .002 | .17 | ||
| Vocabulary | 1 | 3.67 | 3.67 | 2.72 | .10 | |||
| MFQ- Retrospective functioning compared to 10 years before | 2.89 | 3.88 | ||||||
| Main effect Group | 1 | 11.29 | 11.29 | 5.40 | .02 | .10 | ||
| Covariates CES-D | 1 | 9.84 | 9.84 | 4.70 | .03 | .09 | ||
| Vocabulary | 1 | .06 | .06 | .03 | .86 | |||
Note. ANCOVA = analysis of covariance; MANCOVA = multivariate analysis of covariance; CES-D = Centre for Epidemiological Studies of Depression Scale; MFQ = Memory Functioning Questionnaire; PD = Parkinson’s disease; SS = Sum of Squares; MS = Mean Square. Self-reported depression (i.e., CES-D) with and without vocabulary score was used as covariate respectively for the MANCOVA and ANCOVAs.