Table 3.
The associations between the physical health summary scores and clinical manifestations of TSC (including TANDs)
| Predictor | n (%) | Mean parent proxy‐report physical scale scores | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 2a β1 (95% CI) | P‐value | Model 2b β2 (95% CI) | P‐value | ||
| Gene | |||||
| NMI | 14 (11.3) | Ref. | / | Ref. | / |
| TSC1 | 34 (27.4) | −0.25 (−14.61, 14.11) | .973 | −0.99 (−16.15, 14.17) | .897 |
| TSC2 | 76 (61.3) | −7.35 (20.50, 5.80) | .271 | −9.71 (−23.47, 4.06) | .165 |
| Epilepsy | |||||
| No | 19 (15.3) | Ref. | / | Ref. | / |
| Yes | 105 (84.7) | −9.59 (−20.82, 1.64) | .093 | −9.74 (−21.53, 2.05) | .104 |
| Seizure before 2 y old | |||||
| No | 38 (36.2) | Ref. | / | Ref. | / |
| Yes | 67 (63.8) | −9.42 (−19.06, 0.22) | .001* | −9.31 (−19.45, 0.83) | .071 |
| Course of epilepsy (≥2 y) | |||||
| No | 38 (36.2) | Ref. | / | Ref. | / |
| Yes | 67 (63.8) | −9.74 (−19.24, −0.24) | .045* | −8.86 (−18.89, 1.18) | .083 |
| Multiple antiepileptic drugs (≥2) | |||||
| No | 60 (49.6) | Ref. | / | Ref. | / |
| Yes | 61 (50.4) | −16.05 (−23.86, −9.24) | <.0001* | −15.36 (−23.60, −7.12) | <.0001* |
| HRSF | |||||
| No | 65 (61.9) | Ref. | / | Ref. | / |
| Yes | 40 (38.1) | −10.99 (−20.34, −1.64) | .022* | −11.99 (−21.55, −2.43) | .015* |
| IQ | |||||
| Normal | 43 (34.7) | Ref. | / | Ref. | / |
| Mild and moderate ID | 42 (33.9) | −13.54 (−22.21, −4.87) | .002* | −15.06 (−24.00, −6.13) | .001* |
| Severe and profound ID | 39 (31.5) | −27.39 (−36.22, −18.55) | <.0001* | −30.21 (−39.38, −21.04) | <.0001* |
| TANDs | |||||
| No | 16 (16.8) | Ref. | / | Ref. | / |
| Yes | 95 (83.2) | −21.89 (−31.20, −12.58) | <.0001* | −21.75 (−31.59, −11.93) | <.0001* |
| ADHD | |||||
| No | 46 (48.4) | Ref. | / | Ref. | / |
| Yes | 49 (51.6) | −8.08 (−16.61, −0.46) | .063 | −8.98 (−18.08, 0.12) | .053 |
| Social anxiety disorder | |||||
| No | 57 (60) | Ref. | / | Ref. | / |
| Yes | 38 (40) | −12.83 (−21.30, −4.35) | .003* | −13.83 (−22.59, −5.06) | .002* |
| Agoraphobia | |||||
| No | 80 (84.2) | Ref. | / | Ref. | / |
| Yes | 15 (15.8) | −9.71 (−21.46, 2.03) | .104 | −9.27 (−21.49, 2.96) | .136 |
Abbreviations: ADHD, attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder; AED, antiepileptic drugs; HRSF, high reported seizure frequency (more than once per month); ID, intellectual disability; IQ, intelligence quotient; NMI, no mutation identified; TANDs, tuberous sclerosis–associated neuropsychiatric disorders.
Data are presented as n (%).
Model 2a: unadjusted
Model 2b: adjusted for gender (male/female), mother's years of education (≤9/9‐12/>12), father's years of education (≤9/9‐12/>12), monthly household income (RMB) (<5000/5000‐10 000/>10 000), and residence (suburban or rural/urban).