Table 3.
Results of the logistic regression analysis of factors that were associated with participants’ self-assessed probability of contracting COVID-19.
| Categories | B (SE) | OR (95% CI) | P valuea | ||
| Demographic characteristics | |||||
|
|
Gender | ||||
|
|
|
Female | .30 (.02) | 1.35 (1.28-1.41)a | <.001 |
|
|
|
Male | 0b | 1.0 (referent) | N/Ac |
|
|
Number of COVID-19 cases in a participant’s state of current residence | ||||
|
|
|
0-1000 | −.23 (.09) | 0.79 (0.67-0.95) | .01 |
|
|
|
1001-5000 | −.16 (.06) | 0.85 (0.76-0.95) | .005 |
|
|
|
5001-10,000 | −.24 (.06) | 0.78 (0.70-0.88) | <.001 |
|
|
|
10,001-20,000 | −.25 (.06) | 0.78 (0.70-0.87) | <.001 |
|
|
|
20,001-40,000 | −.25 (.06) | 0.78 (0.70-0.87) | <.001 |
|
|
|
≥40,001 | 0b | 1.0 (referent) | N/A |
|
|
Age (years) | ||||
|
|
|
0-20 | .28 (.04) | 1.32 (1.22-1.43) | <.001 |
|
|
|
20-40 | .52 (.04) | 1.68 (1.56-1.81) | <.001 |
|
|
|
40-60 | .44 (.04) | 1.55 (1.44-1.66) | <.001 |
|
|
|
>60 | 0b | 1.0 (referent) | N/A |
|
|
BMId | ||||
|
|
|
Underweight (BMI<18.5 kg/m2) | −.03 (.08) | 0.97 (0.83-1.13) | .67 |
|
|
|
Normal weight (BMI=18.5-24.9 kg/m2) | −.07 (.03) | 0.94 (0.88-0.99) | .02 |
|
|
|
Preobesity (BMI=25-29.9 kg/m2) | −.04 (.03) | 0.96 (0.91-1.01) | .13 |
|
|
|
Obesity (BMI≥30 kg/m2) | 0b | 1.0 (referent) | N/A |
|
|
Smoking status | ||||
|
|
|
never | .07 (.04) | 1.08 (1.00-1.16) | .053 |
|
|
|
Quit | .08 (.04) | 1.08 (1.00-1.18) | .05 |
|
|
|
Vape | .08 (.05) | 1.09 (0.98-1.20) | .11 |
|
|
|
Yes | 0b | 1.0 (referent) | N/A |
|
|
Alcohol consumption status | ||||
|
|
|
Never | −.14 (.03) | 0.87 (0.82-0.92) | <.001 |
|
|
|
None in last 14 days | −.12 (.03) | 0.89 (0.84-0.94) | <.001 |
|
|
|
Some in last 14 days | 0b | 1.0 (referent) | N/A |
|
|
Nonprescription/recreational drugs use status | ||||
|
|
|
Never | −.26 (.03) | 0.77 (0.72-0.82 | <.001 |
|
|
|
None in last 28 days | −.11 (.03) | 0.90 (0.84-0.96) | .002 |
|
|
|
Some in last 28 days | 0b | 1.0 (referent) | N/A |
|
|
Underlying medical conditions | ||||
|
|
|
None | −.38 (.03) | 0.68 (0.65-0.72) | <.001 |
|
|
|
Have | 0b | 1.0 (referent) | N/A |
| Environment | |||||
|
|
Number of close contacts | ||||
|
|
|
<10 people | −.57 (.04) | 0.57 (0.53-0.61) | <.001 |
|
|
|
<10 people | 0b | 1.0 (referent) | N/A |
|
|
Number of cohabitants | ||||
|
|
|
<5 people | .06 (.04) | 1.06 (0.97-1.16) | .17 |
|
|
|
> 5 people | 0a | 1.0 (referent) | N/A |
|
|
Going to work/school | ||||
|
|
|
Home | −.12 (.06) | 0.89 (0.78-1.01) | .06 |
|
|
|
Never | .30 (.05) | 0.74 (0.67-0.82) | <.001 |
|
|
|
Stopped | −.04 (.05) | 0.96 (0.87-1.05) | .33 |
|
|
|
Critical travel | .41 (.05) | 1.50 (1.37-1.65) | <.001 |
|
|
|
Noncritical travel | 0b | 1.0 (referent) | N/A |
| Behaviors | |||||
|
|
Taking steps to reduce infection risk | ||||
|
|
|
Disagree | −.52 (.10) | 0.60 (0.49-0.72) | <.001 |
|
|
|
Neutral | −.24 (.04) | 0.79 (0.73-0.85) | <.001 |
|
|
|
Agree | 0b | 1.0 (referent) | N/A |
|
|
Cohabitants are taking steps to reduce infection risk | ||||
|
|
|
Disagree | .45 (.07) | 1.56 (1.36-1.79) | <.001 |
|
|
|
Neutral | .15 (.03) | 1.17 (1.09-1.24) | <.001 |
|
|
|
Agree | 0b | 1.0 (referent) | N/A |
|
|
Wearing a mask | ||||
|
|
|
Rarely | −.27 (.03) | 0.76 (0.72-0.81) | <.001 |
|
|
|
Sometimes | .01 (.04) | 1.01 (0.94-1.09) | .72 |
|
|
|
Usually | 0b | 1.0 (referent) | N/A |
aBonferroni P values are used to correct for multiple comparisons. Statistical significance was set to a level of P<.05.
bThese parameters were set to 0 because they were redundant.
cN/A: not appliable.
dBMI: body mass index.