Table 2.
Prevalence and factors associated with incomplete childhood vaccination among children aged 12–23 months in South Africa (2016)
| Variables | Vaccination status |
Measures of association |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total: Number |
Incompletely vaccinated:Number (%) | Crude odds ratio (95% CI) |
Adjusted Odds ratio (95% CI) |
|
| All children | 708 | 289 (40.82) | ||
| Sex of child | ||||
| Female | 325 | 138 (42.46) | Reference | Reference |
| Male | 383 | 151 (39.43) | 0.88 (0.65–1.19) | 0.84 (0.60–1.17) |
| Birth order | ||||
| 1st – 3rd order | 604 | 241 (39.90) | Reference | Reference |
| 4th + order | 104 | 48 (46.15) | 1.29 (0.85–1.96) | 1.08 (0.63–1.82) |
| Birth size | ||||
| Large | 183 | 69 (37.70) | Reference | Reference |
| Average | 413 | 170 (41.16)* | 1.16 (0.81–1.65) | 1.00 (0.68–1.45) |
| Small | 104 | 42 (40.38) | 1.12 (0.68–1.83) | 1.17 (0.68–2.00) |
| Maternal age | ||||
| 15–24 | 258 | 107 (41.47) | Reference | Reference |
| 25–34 | 336 | 135 (40.18) | 0.95 (0.68–1.31) | 0.79 (0.53–1.16) |
| 35+ | 114 | 47 (41.23) | 0.99 (0.63–1.55) | 0.72 (0.41–1.28) |
| Maternal education | ||||
| Less than secondary | 70 | 33 (47.14) | Reference | Reference |
| Secondary or higher | 638 | 256 (40.13) | 0.75 (0.46–1.23) | 0.83 (0.47–1.47) |
| Wealth index | ||||
| Poor | 384 | 168 (43.75) | Reference | Reference |
| Middle | 145 | 59 (40.69) | 0.88 (0.60–1.30) | 0.85 (0.54–1.33) |
| Rich | 179 | 62 (34.64) | 0.68 (0.47–0.98)* | 0.66 (0.40–1.08) |
| Marital status | ||||
| Not Married | 551 | 225 (40.83) | Reference | Reference |
| Married | 157 | 64 (40.76) | 1.00 (0.70–1.43) | 1.29 (0.84–1.97) |
| Antenatal care | ||||
| Attended | 634 | 244 (38.49) | Reference | Reference |
| Never attended | 40 | 23 (57.50)* | 2.93 (1.42–6.03)* | 2.87 (1.31–6.25)* |
| Maternal occupation | ||||
| Working | 194 | 83 (42.78) | Reference | Reference |
| Not working | 514 | 206 (40.08) | 0.89 (0.64–1.25) | 0.68 (0.46–1.00) |
| Media access | ||||
| No access | 622 | 248 (39.87) | Reference | Reference |
| Has access | 86 | 41 (47.67) | 0.73 (0.46–1.14) | 0.97 (0.57–1.65) |
| Residence | ||||
| Urban | 358 | 140 (39.11) | Reference | Reference |
| Rural | 350 | 149 (42.57) | 1.15 (0.86–1.56) | 1.06 (0.69–1.58) |
| Province | ||||
| Eastern Cape | 95 | 33 (34.74) | 1.35 (0.65–2.80) | 1.34 (0.62–4.51) |
| Free State | 53 | 15 (28.30) | Reference | Reference |
| Gauteng | 69 | 36 (52.17)* | 2.76 (1.30–5.91)* | 3.10 (1.35–7.15)* |
| KwaZulu-Natal | 120 | 47 (39.17) | 1.63 (0.81–3.29) | 1.73 (0.78–3.82) |
| Limpopo | 99 | 40 (40.40) | 1.72 (0.84–3.53) | 1.54 (0.66–3.58) |
| Mpumalanga | 105 | 53 (50.48) | 2.58 (1.27–5.25)* | 2.30 (1.03–5.15)* |
| Northern Cape | 54 | 17 (31.48) | 1.16 (0.51–2.67) | 1.02 (0.40–2.61) |
| North West | 77 | 35 (45.45) | 2.11 (1.00–4.46) | 2.37 (1.04–5.40)* |
| Western Cape | 36 | 13 (36.11) | 1.43 (0.58–3.54) | 1.68 (0.62–4.51) |
*P-value less than 0.05 (P-values presented are based on Chi-squared (χ2) tests of proportions and association, with statistical significance considered at p-value <0.05).
CI = confidence intervals.