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. 2020 May 13;17(1):304–315. doi: 10.1080/21645515.2020.1756152

Table 1.

Factors associated with intention to vaccinate daughters with HPV vaccine (N = 3586)

  Frequency (%) Univariate analysis   Multivariable logistic regression
    Intention p-value Yes vs. No
    Yes
n = 2984
No
n = 602
  OR (95% CI)
Mother’s information          
Age group (years old)          
23-35 1699 (47.4) 1435 (84.5) 264 (15.5)   1.16 (0.90–1.50)
36-40 1292 (36.0) 1086 (84.1) 206 (15.9) 0.001 1.22 (0.9–1.59)
>40 595 (16.6) 463 (77.8) 132 (22.2)   Reference
Birthplace          
Urban 587 (16.4) 496 (84.5) 91 (15.5) 0.397  
Rural 2999 (83.6) 2488 (83.0) 511 (17.0)    
Current residing location          
Urban 1793 (50.0) 1508 (84.1) 285 (15.9) 0.166  
Rural 1793 (50.0) 1476 (82.3) 317 (17.17)    
Marital Status        
Married 3406 (95.0) 2842 (83.4) 564 (16.6) 0.124  
Unmarried/Divorced/
Separated/Widowed
180 (5.0) 142 (78.9) 38 (21.1)    
Highest education level          
Primary school and below 223 (6.2) 152 (68.2) 71 (31.8)   Reference
Secondary school 2026 (56.5) 1688 (83.3) 338 (16.7)   1.82 (1.30–2.55)***
High school/technical secondary school 982 (27.4) 830 (84.5) 152 (15.5) p < .001 1.67 (1.15–2.43)**
University and above 355 (9.9) 314 (88.5) 41 (11.5)   2.15 (1.33–3.46)**
Occupational types          
Professional and managerial 233 (6.5) 202 (86.7) 31 (13.3)    
General office worker/Service personnel 499 (13.9) 417 (83.6) 82 (16.4)    
Industrial worker/Farmers/Others 1274 (35.5) 1045 (82.0) 229 (18.0) B  
Individual business/Self-employed 625 (17.4) 532 (85.1)
788 (82.5)
93 (14.9)    
Housewife/Unemployed 955 (26.6) 16.7 (17.5)    
Annual household income (CNY)        
<50,000 1976 (55.1) 1617 (81.8) 359 (18.2) 0.034 Reference
50,000–120,000 1610 (44.9) 1087 (85.3) 187 (14.7)   1.00 (0.82–1.24)
>120,000 336 (9.4) 280 (83.3) 56 (16.7)   0.77 (0.56–1.08)
Experience with cervical cancer        
Ever knew anyone has had cervical cancer      
Yes 705 (19.7) 604 (85.7) 101 (14.3) 0.056  
No 2881 (80.3) 2380 (82.6) 501 (17.4)    
Daughter’s information          
Age (years old)          
6-8 858 (23.9) 728 (84.8) 130 (15.2)    
9-11 1489 (41.5) 1245 (83.6) 244 (16.4) 0.127  
12-14 1239 (34.6) 1011 (81.6) 228 (18.4)    
Had chronic illnesses          
Yes 80 (2.2) 72 (90.0) 594 (16.9) 0.129  
No 3506 (97.8) 2912 (83.1) 8 (10.0)    
Ever experienced serious side effects in any previous vaccinations    
Yes 326 (9.1) 283 (86.8) 43 (13.2) 0.074  
No 3260 (90.9) 2701 (82.9) 559 (17.1)    
HPV-related knowledge          
Total knowledge score          
Low score (0–10) 1833 (51.1) 1450 (79.1) 383 (20.9) p < .001 Reference
High score (11–23) 1753 (48.9) 1534 (87.5) 219 (12.5)   1.14 (0.92–1.40)
Health Beliefs          
Perceived susceptibility          
Women in general have a high risk of contracting HPV in their lifetime
Agree 2811 (78.4) 2412 (85.8) 389 (14.2) p < .001 1.26 (0.98–1.63)
Disagree 775 (21.6) 572 (73.8) 203 (26.2)   Reference
Women in general have a high risk of having genital warts in their lifetime
Agree 2368 (66.0) 2040 (86.1) 328 (13.9) p < .001 1.12 (0.89–1.41)
Disagree 1218 (34.0) 944 (77.5) 274 (22.5)   Reference
Women in general have a high risk of having cervical/vulvar cancer in their lifetime
Agree 2722 (75.9) 2334 (85.7) 388 (14.3) p < .001 1.22 (0.95–1.57)
Disagree 864 (24.1) 650 (75.2) 214 (24.8)   Reference
Perceived severity          
Harms of HPV infection for women are severe      
Agree 3278 (91.4) 2771 (84.5) 507 (15.5)   0.88 (0.60–1.30)
Disagree 308 (8.6) 213 (69.2) 95 (30.8) p < .001 Reference
Harms of genital warts for women are severe      
Agree 3258 (90.9) 2757 (84.6) 501 (15.4)   1.05 (0.73–1.52)
Disagree 328 (9.1) 227 (69.2) 101 (30.8) p < .001 Reference
Harms of cervical/vulvar cancer for women are severe      
Agree 3371 (94.0) 2845 (84.4) 526 (15.6) p < .001 1.21 (0.79–1.86)
Disagree 215 (6.0) 139 (64.7) 76 (35.3)   Reference
Perceived benefit          
HPV vaccines are highly effective in preventing your daughter from HPV infection
Agree 3034 (84.6) 2638 (86.9) 396 (13.1) p < .001 2.13 (1.51–2.99)***
Disagree 552 (15.4) 346 (62.7) 206 (37.3)   Reference
HPV vaccines are highly effective in preventing your daughter from genital warts
Agree 2779 (77.5) 2419 (87.0) 360 (13.0) p < .001 1.17 (0.87–1.58)
Disagree 807 (22.5) 565 (70.0) 242 (30.0)   Reference
HPV vaccines are highly effective in preventing your daughter from cervical/vulvar cancer
Agree 2955 (82.4) 2567 (86.9) 388 (13.1) p < .001 1.38 (0.99–1.92)
Disagree 631 (17.6) 417 (66.1) 214 (33.9)   Reference
Perceived barriers          
It is not worth spending money to have my daughter vaccinated    
Agree 1057 (29.5) 895 (84.7) 162 (15.3) 0.142  
Disagree 2529 (70.5) 2089 (82.6) 440 (17.4)    
Do not have time to take my daughter for HPV vaccination      
Agree 683 (19.0) 547 (80.1) 136 (19.9) 0.017 Reference
Disagree 2903 (81.0) 2437 (83.9) 466 (16.1)   1.37 (1.10–1.71)**
My daughter would have severe side effects after receiving HPV vaccination    
Agree 545 (15.2) 452 (82.9) 93 (17.1) 0.852  
Disagree 3041 (84.8) 2532 (83.3) 509 (16.7)    
Receiving HPV vaccination would increase my daughter’s risk of having juvenile sexual acts
Agree 902 (25.2) 755 (83.7) 147 (16.3) 0.681  
Disagree 2684 (74.8) 2229 (83.0) 455 (17.0)    
Cues-to-action          
You are often exposed to HPV vaccination promotion for adolescents on mass media
Agree 1069 (29.8) 927 (86.7) 142 (13.3) p < .001 1.18 (0.95–1.47)
Disagree 2517 (70.2) 2057 (81.7) 460 (18.3)   Reference

**p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001

Hosmer & Lemeshow test, chi-square:12.525, P-value: 0.129; Nagelkerke R2: 0.107