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Stem residues are represented by N, Cα and C atoms. Parameters are: number of residues in between (l, not shown), Euclidean distance from N-stem C to C-stem N (d) and four angles. The angles α and β describe the direction towards the C-stem N relative to the N-Stem. Accordingly, the angles γ and δ define the direction towards N-stem C relative to C-stem (not shown).
