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[Preprint]. 2021 Feb 3:2021.02.01.21250952. [Version 1] doi: 10.1101/2021.02.01.21250952

Table 3:

A framework for designing a campus wastewater monitoring system

Framework element Key question Factors for consideration
Information needs Who will use the information? What information do those users need from wastewater?
  • Target individual testing and contact-tracing resources

  • Identify SARS-CoV-2 trends over time

  • Compare on- and off-campus trends

  • Limitations/uncertainties of results

  • Resources available (expected value of sample information)

Wastewater infrastructure How can the sewage infrastructure be accessed?
  • Identify and create maps of sewer system

  • Assess accessibility of sampling sites

  • Coordinate with municipal wastewater agency and/or campus facilities staff

Sampling plan How can we sample wastewater?
  • Select sampling locations

  • Consider tradeoffs between composite samples, passive samples, or grab samples

  • Determine sampling frequency (samples/week)

  • Identify who will collect samples

Wastewater analysis Who can analyze and interpret wastewater samples?
  • Assess wastewater testing options (on-campus or private lab, cost, turnaround time, capacity, safety regulations, etc.)

Data Interpretation and use How can findings inform decisions?
  • Determine who will interpret data and assess trends

  • Access public health information needed to contextualize data (e.g. number of people in quarantine or recently recovered)

  • Consider range of decision outcomes (e.g. testing, messaging, limiting gatherings, remote instruction)

Communication plan What is the most effective way to share findings with appropriate audiences?
  • Who should be involved in messaging?

  • Who are the key target audiences?

  • How can messages best be communicated to intended audiences (e.g. signs, email, social media, website, etc.)?