Table 3: Shoulder Internal (IR) and External (ER) Rotation Strength measured with a Handheld Dynamometer, displayed at mean ± standard deviation in pounds.
| Parameter | Dominant Arm | Non-Dominant Arm | t | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shoulder ER (Neutral) | 13.6±3.4 | 12.89±3.6 | 1.50 | 0.136 |
| Shoulder IR (Neutral) | 18.0±6.0 | 15.7±4.7 | 4.50 | 0.000 |
| Shoulder ER (90 AB) | 12.3±3.4 | 12.5±4.3 | -.551 | 0.584 |
| Shoulder IR (90) AB) | 16.4±5.6 | 15.0±5.7 | 3.60 | 0.001 |
| ER/IR Ratio (Neutral) | 0.76 | 0.82 | ||
| ER/IR Ratio (90 AB) | 0.75 | 0.83 | ||
| AB= abduction; ER/IR Ratio calculated as ER strength / IR strength | ||||