Table 2.
Health outcomes observed in COVID-19 cases treated with TNR4 versus comparison group, stratified by comorbidities, older age-group, sex, and health workers.
| HEALTH OUTCOMES |
All participants (n = 787) |
p-value |
Patients with comorbidities (n = 316) |
p-value |
Older patients: 49–80 years (n = 256) |
p-value |
Males (n = 387) |
p-value |
Health workers (n = 142) |
p-value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TNR4 (n = 481) | Comparison groupa (n = 287) | TNR4 (n = 185) | Comparison groupa (n = 131) | TNR4 (n = 137) | Comparison groupa (n = 119) | TNR4 (n = 226) | Comparison groupa (n = 161) | TNR4 (n = 104) | Comparison groupa (n = 38) | ||||||
| Days between the onset of symptoms and health recovery, mean (±SD) | 10.5 (±5.8) | 11.5 (±4.6) | 0.016 | 11.6 (±7.4) | 12.1 (±4.9) | 0.548 | 10.4 (±5.7) | 11.2 (±4.9) | 0.317 | 10.6 (±6.0) | 11.3 (±4.7) | 0.233 | 10.1 (±4.8) | 13.2 (±3.7) | 0.001 |
| Percentage of recovered patients within 14 days, all population (n = 575/768) | 84.4% n = 406/481 |
58.9% n = 169/287 |
0.000 | 74.6% n = 138/185 |
41.2% n = 54/131 |
0.000 | 76.4% n = 105/137 |
45.4% n = 54/119 |
0.000 | 85.4% n = 193/226 |
57.8% n = 93/161 |
0.000 | 86.5% n = 90/104 |
60.5% n = 23/38 |
0.001 |
| Patients who were hospitalized (regardless of whether they were intubated or died) (n = 133/768) | 9.1% n = 44/481 |
31.0% n = 89/287 |
0.000 | 15.1% n = 28/185 |
46.6% n = 61/131 |
0.000 | 19.0% n = 26/137 |
42.9% n = 51/119 |
0.000 | 7.5% n = 17/226 |
29.8% n = 48/161 |
0.000 | 4.8% n = 5/104 |
18.4% n = 7/38 |
0.010 |
| Patients who died (n = 67/768) (regardless of whether they were hospitalized or intubated) | 3.1% n = 15/481 |
18.1% n = 52/287 |
0.000 | 6.5% n = 12/185 |
29.0% n = 38/131 |
0.000 | 10.2% n = 14/137 |
34.5% n = 41/119 |
0.000 | 3.5% n = 8/226 |
21.1% n = 34/161 |
0.000 | 1.0% n = 1/104 |
7.9% n = 3/38 |
0.027 |
Differences between means were estimated from linear regression, and differences between proportions were evaluated using the chi2 test. A p-value ≤0.05 was considered to be significant.
Proportions and means were adjusted by age, sex, comorbidities, and occupation. A p-value ≤0·05 was considered significant.
a
Comparison group: participants who did not accept the TNR4 treatment because they were asymptomatic, were already taking another treatment, or they had self-medicated for cold and flu. However, they agreed to take part in the follow-up portion of the study.