Table 2.
Baseline characteristicsa of 7926 adults aged 18–70 years in the Nutrition and Health in Southwest China study.
| Characteristics | Value |
|---|---|
| Age, years | 42.6 (9.8) |
| Female, % | 53.9 |
| Urban residence, % | 31.2 |
| >12 years of educationb, % | 2948 (37.2) |
| Family income >35,000 Yuanc, % | 3908 (49.3) |
| Nutritional data | |
| Energy intake, kcal/d | 1997 (525) |
| Protein, % of energy | 16.6 (4.3) |
| Fat, % of energy | 30.6 (5.9) |
| Carbohydrate, % of energy | 52.8 (12.7) |
| Lifestyle data | |
| MVPA energy expenditured (MJ/day) | 2.7 (1.9) |
| Sleep duration ≥7 h/d and ≤9 h/de, % | 4978 (62.8) |
| Current smoker, % | 1712 (21.6) |
| Anthropometry | |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 23.3 (2.7) |
| Overweight, % | 3305 (41.7) |
| Waist circumstance (cm) | 85.7 (9.6) |
| Percentage body fat, % | 35.1 (31.2, 42.6) |
| Biochemical measurements | |
| Fasting plasma glucose, mmol/L | 5.3 (4.6, 5.7) |
| Glycated hemoglobin, % | 5.5 (5.1, 5.8) |
| Insulin, μIU/mL | 6.2 (4.9, 9.8) |
| HOMA2-IRf | 0.9 (0.6, 1.5) |
| Prediabetesg, % | 3138 (39.6) |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 125.2 (15.6) |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 75.3 (17.1) |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 4.5 (4.1,5.6) |
| High-density lipoprotein cholesterol, mg/dL | 1.2 (1.1,1.5) |
| Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, mg/dL | 3.2 (2.8,3.8) |
| Triglyceride, mg/dL | 1.2 (0.8,1.8) |
| C-reactive protein, mg/L | 3.0 (1.3, 5.2) |
| Superoxide dismutase, U/mL | 146.1 (19.2) |
| Serum calcium2+, mmol/L | 2.4 (2.2, 2.5) |
| Serum 25(OH)D, ng/mL | 20.6 (15.0, 27.8) |
aValues are means (SD), medians (Q1, Q3) or frequencies.
bAt least 12 years of school education.
cAverage family income more than 35,000 Yuan every year.
dMVPA energy expenditure, energy expended on moderate-to-vigorous physical activities (MJ/day).
eRecommended sleep duration for adults according to the National Sleep Foundation [14].
fHOMA2-IR, Homeostasis model assessment 2: insulin resistance, calculated by Wallace Formula [22].
gPre-diabetes was defined using the updated classification and diagnosis of diabetes of American Diabetes Association (ADA) [3].