Table 1.
Urinary Bladder MALT Lymphoma Cases: Diagnostics and Treatment
| Case No. | Age (y.o.) | Sex | Immunohistochemistry | FISH and Molecular Study | Treatment | Follow-Up | Cystitis (Present/Absent/N/A) | Urine Culture (a Bug/Negative/N/A) | Country of Origin | Year of Report | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 56 | F | Positive: CD20 (L26), CD79a (MB1) Negative: CD43 (MT1), CD45RO (UCHL1) Lambda light chain restricted |
N/A | Total cystectomy | 9 months after surgery, negative for recurrence | Present | Enterococcus | Japan (Asia) | 1990 | Kuhara et al3 |
| 2 | 67 | F | Positive: CD20 (L26) | N/A | Chemotherapy (CHOP) | 24 months follow-up, negative for recurrence | Present | N/A | UK (Europe) | 1993 | Pawade et al12 |
| 3 | 74 | F | Positive: CD20 (L26) | N/A | Radiotherapy | Dead (no follow-up) | Present | N/A | UK (Europe) | 1993 | Pawade et al12 |
| 4 | 22 | F | Positive: CD20 (L26) | N/A | Chemotherapy and radiotherapy | 46 months follow-up, negative for recurrence | N/A | N/A | UK (Europe) | 1993 | Pawade et al12 |
| 5 | 83 | F | Positive: CD20 (L26) | N/A | Radiotherapy | 20 months follow-up, negative for recurrence | N/A | N/A | UK (Europe) | 1993 | Pawade et al12 |
| 6 | 80 | M | Positive: CD20 (L26) | N/A | Not treated | Died in 30 months after diagnosis of ischemic heart disease | Present | N/A | UK (Europe) | 1993 | Pawade et al12 |
| 7 | 73 | F | Positive: CD45 (LCA), CD20 (L26), MB2 Negative: CD79a (MB1), CD45RO (UCHL1) | N/A | Chemotherapy | Died in 8 months due to unrelated to lymphoma cause. No lymphoma recurrence in bladder. Lymphoma of the thyroid. | N/A | N/A | Spain (Europe) | 1996 | Fernandez et al13 |
| 8 | 50 | F | Positive: CD20 (L26), MB2 Kappa light chain restricted | N/A | Chemotherapy | 60 months follow-up, negative for recurrence | N/A | N/A | Spain (Europe) | 1996 | Fernandez et al13 |
| 9 | 75 | F | Positive: CD20 (L26), MB2 | N/A | Chemotherapy | 9 months follow-up, negative for recurrence | N/A | N/A | Spain (Europe) | 1996 | Fernandez et al13 |
| 10 | 70 | F | N/A | N/A | Chemotherapy and radiotherapy | 48 months follow-up, negative for recurrence | N/A | N/A | Chile (America) | 1998 | Gallardo et al15 |
| 11 | 80 | F | Positive: CD20 (L26), CD79a Negative: CD3, CD5, CD10, CD23, CD43 (MT1) | N/A | Radiotherapy | 16 months follow-up, negative for recurrence | N/A | N/A | UK (Europe) | 1998 | Yuille et al40 |
| 12 | 77 | F | Positive: CD19, CD20, Negative: CD3, CD5, CD10, CD21, CD23, CD45RO Lambda light chain restriction | Clonal heavy-chain IgH gene rearrangement (PCR) | Transurethral resection (TUR) x 2 | 36 months follow-up after last TUR, negative for recurrence | Present | N/A | Japan (Asia) | 1999 | Ando et al16 |
| 13 | 27 | M | N/A | N/A | Chemotherapy and radiotherapy | 18 months follow-up, negative for recurrence | N/A | N/A | Japan (Asia) | 2000 | Kawakami et al18 |
| 14 | 75 | F | N/A | N/A | Chemotherapy and radiotherapy | 36 months follow-up, negative for recurrence | N/A | N/A | France (Europe) | 2000 | Tasu et al19 |
| 15 | 66 | F | Positive: CD20 | N/A | N/A | 12 months follow-up, negative for recurrence | N/A | N/A | UK (Europe) | 2000 | Bates et al17 |
| 16 | 79 | F | Positive: CD20 | N/A | N/A | No follow-up | N/A | N/A | UK (Europe) | 2000 | Bates et al17 |
| 17 | 59 | F | Positive: CD20, CD43 | N/A | N/A | 36 months follow-up, positive for recurrence | N/A | N/A | UK (Europe) | 2000 | Bates et al17 |
| 18 | 64 | F | Positive: CD20, CD45 Negative: CD43 Light chain restriction: inconclusive | Clonal heavy-chain IgH gene rearrangement (PCR) | Radiotherapy | 156 months follow-up, negative for recurrence | Present | Staphylococci, Streptococci, Escherichia coli, Diphtheroid bacillus | Canada (America) | 2001 | Al-Maghrabi et al6 |
| 19 | 69 | F | Positive: CD20, CD45 Negative: CD5, CD10, CD43, CD45RO Lambda light chain restriction | Clonal heavy-chain IgH gene rearrangement (PCR) | Radiotherapy | 60 months follow-up, negative for recurrence | Present | Escherichia coli | Canada (America) | 2001 | Al-Maghrabi et al6 |
| 20 | 72 | F | Positive: CD20, CD45 Negative: CD5, CD10, CD43, CD45RO Kappa light chain restriction | Inconclusive results of heavy-chain IgH gene rearrangement (PCR) | Radiotherapy | 36 months follow-up, negative for recurrence | Present | Escherichia coli | Canada (America) | 2001 | Al-Maghrabi et al6 |
| 21 | 62 | M | Positive: CD19, CD20, CD43 (focal) Negative: CD5, CD10, CD23, CD45RO Kappa light chain restriction | Clonal heavy-chain IgH gene rearrangement (PCR) | Radiotherapy | 24 months follow-up, negative for recurrence | Present | Staphylococcus aureus | Canada (America) | 2001 | Al-Maghrabi et al6 |
| 22 | 65 | F | Positive: CD20, CD79 Negative: IgD, CD43 | N/A | Chemotherapy (CHOP) | 36 months follow-up, negative for recurrence | Present | Coliform Bacteria | UK (Europe) | 2001 | Wazait et al20 |
| 23 | 70 | F | Positive: CD20, CD79 Negative: CD43 | N/A | Chemotherapy (Chlorambucil) | 60 months follow-up, negative for recurrence | N/A | N/A | UK (Europe) | 2001 | Wazait et al20 |
| 24 | 70 | F | Positive: CD20 Negative: CD43 | N/A | Chemotherapy and radiotherapy | 48 months follow-up, negative for recurrence | N/A | N/A | Chile (America) | 2001 | Painemal Duarte et al43 |
| 25 | 59 | M | Positive: CD20, CD79a Negative: CD3, CD5, CD10, CD23, CD43, CD45RO, BCL6, cyclin D1 | N/A | Antibiotics (First paper to use HP eradication therapy which works; H. Pilori test was positive) | 36 months follow-up, negative for recurrence | Absent | Negative | Netherland (Europe) | 2002 | van den Bosch et al7 |
| 26 | 57 | M | Positive: CD20 Negative: CD3, CD5, CD10, CD23, CD43, cyclin D1 Ki-67 - low | Negative for t(14;18) Trisomy of Chromosome 3 | Antibiotics treatment against H. Pilori (even H. Pilori test was negative) | 36 months follow-up, negative for recurrence | N/A | N/A | Germany (Europe) | 2002 | Krober et al11 |
| 27 | 78 | F | Positive: CD20, CD79 | Clonal heavy-chain IgH gene rearrangement (PCR) | Antibiotics (trimethoprim, nitrofurantoin, and cephradine) |
19 months follow-up, negative for recurrence | Present | Escherichia coli | UK (Europe) | 2002 | Oscier et al8 |
| 28 | 82 | F | N/A | N/A | Chemotherapy (ChlVP) | Died, negative for recurrence | N/A | N/A | UK (Europe) | 2005 | Hughes et al21 |
| 29 | 81 | F | N/A | N/A | Diathermy | 12 months follow-up, negative for recurrence | N/A | N/A | UK (Europe) | 2005 | Hughes et al21 |
| 30 | 28 | M | N/A | N/A | Chemotherapy (ChlVP) | 120 months follow-up, negative for recurrence | N/A | N/A | UK (Europe) | 2005 | Hughes et al21 |
| 31 | 76 | F | N/A | N/A | Radiotherapy | 24 months follow-up, negative for recurrence | N/A | N/A | UK (Europe) | 2005 | Hughes et al21 |
| 32 | 77 | M | N/A | N/A | Chemotherapy (ChlD) | 48 months follow-up, negative for recurrence | N/A | N/A | UK (Europe) | 2005 | Hughes et al21 |
| 33 | 66 | F | N/A | N/A | Radiotherapy | Died, negative for recurrence | Present | N/A | UK (Europe) | 2005 | Hughes et al21 |
| 34 | 85 | F | N/A | N/A | Radiotherapy | Negative for recurrence | N/A | N/A | Japan (Asia) | 2005 | Takahara et al22 |
| 35 | 84 | F | N/A | N/A | Chemotherapy (R-CHOP) | N/A | N/A | N/A | Japan (Asia) | 2006 | Kakuta et al41 |
| 36 | 84 | F | N/A | N/A | Radiotherapy | 14 months follow-up, negative for recurrence | Present | Escherichia coli | Japan (Asia) | 2007 | Hatano et al23 |
| 37 | 64 | F | Positive: CD20, BCL2 Negative: CD5, CD10, cyclin D1 Ki-67 - low | Clonal heavy-chain IgH gene rearrangement (PCR) | Transurethral resection (TUR) and radiotherapy | 19 months later recurred in stomach | Absent | Negative | Japan (Asia) | 2007 | Ueno et al24 |
| 38 | 69 | F | Positive: CD20, CD79a Negative: CD5, CD10 | N/A | Antibiotics | 25 months follow-up, negative for recurrence | Present | N/A | Japan (Asia) | 2008 | Fujimura et al9 |
| 39 | 64 | F | N/A | N/A | Radiotherapy | 14 months follow-up, negative for recurrence | Present | Escherichia coli | Japan (Asia) | 2008 | Terasaki et al42 |
| 40 | 31 | F | Ki-67 ~ 20–25% | N/A | Chemotherapy (CHOP) | N/A | N/A | N/A | UK (Europe) | 2010 | Sen et al25 |
| 41 | 88 | F | Positive: CD5, CD20, CD79a, CD45, BCL2, p53 Negative: CD10, CD15, CD23, CD30, CD34, CD43, CD56, cyclin D1, TdT Lambda light chain restriction Ki-67 ~ 50% | N/A | Antibiotics | 5 months follow-up, negative for recurrence | N/A | N/A | Japan (Asia) | 2011 | Terada et al10 |
| 42 | 65 | F | Positive: CD20, BCL2 Negative: CD3, CD5, CD10, cyclin D1, CD21, CD23, CD15, CD30 Ki-67 ~ 5–10% | N/A | Chemotherapy (R-CHOP) | Recur 12 months after treatment; died of septicemic shock secondary to a bladder abscess | Absent | N/A | Malaysia (Asia) | 2011 | Maninderpal et al26 |
| 43 | 17 | F | Positive: CD20, BCL2, CD45 Ki-67 ~ 25% | N/A | Transurethral resection (TUR) and chemotherapy | 24 months follow-up, negative for recurrence | N/A | N/A | Poland (Europe) | 2011 | Szopinski et al27 |
| 44 | 68 | F | Positive: CD20, CD79a Negative: CD3, CD5, CD10 Kappa light chain restriction | Clonal heavy-chain IgH gene rearrangement (PCR) | Chemotherapy (rituximab) | Negative for recurrence | Absent | N/A | Japan (Asia) | 2012 | Morita et al28 |
| 45 | 72 | F | N/A | N/A | Chemotherapy (rituximab) and radiotherapy | N/A | Present | N/A | Japan (Asia) | 2013 | Mizumo et al44 |
| 46 | 71 | F | Positive: CD20 Negative: CD3 | N/A | Transurethral resection (TUR) | N/A | Present | N/A | Japan (Asia) | 2013 | Takahashi et al31 |
| 47 | 48 | M | Positive: CD20, BCL2 Negative: CD5, CD23, CD43, cyclin D1 Ki-67 ~ 5% Kappa light chain restriction | N/A | Chemotherapy (R-CHOP), radiotherapy, antibiotics | N/A | Present | Escherichia coli | Croatia (Europe) | 2013 | Bacalja et al30 |
| 48 | 72 | F | Positive: CD20, CD79a, BCL2, IgD Negative: CD5, CD10, BCL6, cyclin D1 Ki-67 ~ 15% | Clonal heavy-chain IgH gene rearrangement (PCR); FISH - t(11;18)(q21;q21); Trisomy of Chromosome 3 and 18 | Antibiotics (ciprofloxacinfor 6 weeks) | 6 months follow-up, negative for recurrence | Present | Escherichia coli | Italy (Europe) | 2013 | Lucioni et al29 |
| 49 | 63 | F | Positive: CD20, BCL2 Negative: CD3, CD5, CD10, cyclin D1 Ki-67 ~ 20% Lambda light chain restriction | Clonal heavy-chain IgH gene rearrangement (PCR) | Radiotherapy | 11 months follow-up, negative for recurrence | Absent | Negative | Taiwan (Asia) | 2014 | Chen et al39 |
| 50 | 54 | M | Positive: CD20 Negative: CD3, CD10, BCL6, cyclin D1 |
N/A | Radiotherapy | 36 months follow-up, negative for recurrence | Absent | Negative | USA (America) | 2014 | Haddad-Lacle et al32 |
| 51 | 78 | F | Positive: CD20, CD79a, BCL2 Negative: CD3, CD10, CD23, cyclin D1 Ki-67 ~ 20% Kappa light chain restriction | N/A | Chemotherapy (rituximab) | N/A | Present | Escherichia coli | Japan (Asia) | 2014 | Matsuda et al33 |
| 52 | 76 | F | Positive: CD20, BCL2 Negative: CD3, CD10 |
N/A | Radiotherapy | 3 months follow-up, negative for recurrence | N/A | N/A | Taiwan (Asia) | 2015 | Hsu et al35 |
| 53 | 65 | F | Positive: CD20, PAX5 Negative: CD5, CD10 |
N/A | A transurethral resection of the bladder tumor (TURBT) and radiotherapy | 3 months follow-up, negative for recurrence | N/A | N/A | USA (America) | 2015 | Vempati et al34 |
| 54 | 53 | F | Positive: CD20, CD45 Negative: CD3, CD5, CD10, BCL2 |
N/A | Chemotherapy (R-CHOP) | 9 months follow-up, negative for recurrence | Present | Negative | India (Asia) | 2016 | Jitani et al5 |
| 55 | 72 | F | N/A | N/A | Transurethral resection of bladder tumors (TURBT) | 13 months follow-up, negative for recurrence | N/A | N/A | Japan (Asia) | 2018 | Ozawa et al45 |
| 56 | 77 | F | Positive: CD20, CD79a, BCL2 | N/A | Radiotherapy | 60 months follow-up, negative for recurrence | Present | Escherichia coli | Japan (Asia) | 2018 | Isono et al36 |
| 57 | 74 | F | Positive: CD20 | N/A | Radiotherapy | N/A | Present | Negative | Singapore (Asia) | 2019 | Kadam et al37 |
| 58 | 77 | F | Positive: CD20, PAX5, BCL2, CD21 Negative: CD10, MUM1, TDT, cyclin D1 |
N/A | Transurethral resection of bladder tumors (TURBT) | The patient was alive and healthy at the 15-month follow-up | N/A | N/A | China (Asia) | 2020 | Xu et al38 |
| 59 | 58 | F | Positive: CD20, CD79a, BCL2 Negative: CD5, CD10 |
N/A | Chemotherapy (rituximab) | 120 months follow-up, negative for recurrence | Absent | N/A | USA (America) | 2020 | Lyapichev et al. |
Abbreviations: F, female; M, male; y.o., years old; N/A, not available or provided not in English; CHOP, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisolone; R-CHOP, rituximab with CHOP; ChlVP, Chl, chlorambucil; V, vincristine; P, prednisolone; ChlD, Chl, chlorambucil; D, dexamethasone; FISH, fluorescent in situ hybridization; PCR, polymerase chain reaction.