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. 2021 Feb 9;11:3363. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-83082-7

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Mcl-1 deficiency enhanced DEN-induced liver tumor development. At the age of 2 weeks, male Mcl-1^fl/fl and Mcl-1^Δhep mice were intraperitonially injected with PBS or DEN (20 mg/kg BW), and their livers were harvested after 4 or 6 months. (A,B) Representative images of the livers of PBS- or DEN-treated male Mcl-1^fl/fl and Mcl-1^Δhep mice at the ages of 4 months (A) and 6 months (B). (C,D) Incidence rate of macroscopic (C) or microscopic (D) tumors at the age of 4 and 6 months (n ≥ 8 per group, chi-squared test). (E) Representative H&E staining images of liver sections from the DEN-treated male 6-month-old Mcl-1^fl/fl and 6-month-old Mcl-1^Δhep mice. The scale bar is 100 µm. (F) Ratio of liver weight to body weight (mean ± SEM, Mann–Whitney test). (G) Maximum tumor size (diameters by caliper) at the age of 6 months (mean ± SEM, Mann–Whitney test). (H) Mutation rate of B-Raf V637E in liver tumors (chi-squared test, *p < 0.05).