Table 2:
Average Resident and Facility Characteristics by Facility Type
| All Facilities |
Low BIPOC Facility |
High BIPOC Facility |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| White | Minority | White | BIPOC | White | BIPOC | |
| Resident Characteristics | ||||||
| Demographics | ||||||
| Age | 83.118 | 69.492 *** | 84.084 | 73.944 *** | 72.887 | 65.759 |
| Female | 0.682 | 0.537 *** | 0.695 | 0.585 *** | 0.547 | 0.496 |
| Married | 0.212 | 0.118 *** | 0.221 | 0.154 *** | 0.112 | 0.087 |
| Clinical and Functional | ||||||
| Length of Stay (Years) | 2.623 | 3.138 *** | 2.533 | 2.528 | 3.579 | 3.688 |
| ADL Score (0-28) | 14.670 | 12.478 *** | 14.985 | 14.209 ** | 11.337 | 10.982 |
| # of Chronic Conditions (0-5) | 1.722 | 1.939 *** | 1.727 | 1.967 *** | 1.666 | 1.943 *** |
| Anxiety Diagnosis | 0.250 | 0.183 *** | 0.248 | 0.199 * | 0.277 | 0.171 *** |
| Depression Diagnosis | 0.504 | 0.457 ** | 0.504 | 0.465 | 0.503 | 0.461 * |
| Serious Mental Illness Diagnosis | 0.133 | 0.279 *** | 0.112 | 0.160 ** | 0.350 | 0.365 |
| Cognitive Impairment | 0.295 | 0.298 | 0.302 | 0.340 | 0.212 | 0.267 ** |
| Dementia Diagnosis | 0.467 | 0.389 *** | 0.476 | 0.448 | 0.376 | 0.350 |
| Behavioral Symptoms | 0.196 | 0.299 *** | 0.184 | 0.223 * | 0.324 | 0.363 |
| Facility Characteristics | ||||||
| High Minority Facility | 0.086 | 0.544 *** | 0.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 |
| Structural Facility Characteristics | ||||||
| Ownership: Government† | 0.080 | 0.034 *** | 0.080 | 0.038 *** | 0.065 | 0.025 *** |
| Ownership: For-Profit | 0.267 | 0.590 | 0.262 | 0.558 | 0.422 | 0.671 |
| Ownership: Non-Profit | 0.653 | 0.376 | 0.658 | 0.405 | 0.513 | 0.304 |
| Chain Affiliation | 0.540 | 0.551 | 0.539 | 0.611 ** | 0.548 | 0.501 |
| Hospital Affiliation | 0.131 | 0.034 *** | 0.140 | 0.042 *** | 0.043 | 0.027 |
| Number of Beds | 88.923 | 125.800 *** | 86.507 | 129.523 *** | 114.512 | 122.679 ** |
| Occupancy Rate | 0.882 | 0.881 * | 0.882 | 0.884 | 0.880 | 0.878 |
| Proportion Private Rooms | 0.522 | 0.350 *** | 0.538 | 0.438 *** | 0.355 | 0.276 *** |
| Location: Twin Cities Metropolitan† | 0.184 | 0.876 *** | 0.172 | 0.850 *** | 0.559 | 0.940 *** |
| Location: Other Metropolitan | 0.364 | 0.022 | 0.369 | 0.030 | 0.219 | 0.003 |
| Location: Micropolitan | 0.204 | 0.032 | 0.207 | 0.037 | 0.105 | 0.022 |
| Location: Rural | 0.248 | 0.069 | 0.252 | 0.083 | 0.118 | 0.036 |
| Case and Payer Mix | ||||||
| Acuity Index | 1.015 | 0.984 *** | 1.019 | 1.037 *** | 0.970 | 0.939 ** |
| Proportion of Medicaid Patient-Days | 0.539 | 0.647 *** | 0.524 | 0.572 *** | 0.698 | 0.709 |
| Proportion of Medicare Patient-Days | 0.090 | 0.076 *** | 0.093 | 0.100 ** | 0.061 | 0.056 * |
| Proportion of Residents Over Age 65 | 0.912 | 0.732 *** | 0.933 | 0.868 *** | 0.692 | 0.618 *** |
| Staffing | ||||||
| Registered Nurses HPRD | 0.541 | 0.607 *** | 0.536 | 0.610 *** | 0.600 | 0.605 |
| Licensed Practical Nurses HPRD | 0.692 | 0.695 | 0.692 | 0.706 | 0.689 | 0.686 |
| Certified Nursing Assistants HPRD | 2.168 | 1.864 *** | 2.201 | 2.141 *** | 1.810 | 1.631 *** |
| Mental Health and Social Workers HPRD | 0.124 | 0.196 *** | 0.118 | 0.130 *** | 0.189 | 0.251 *** |
| Activities Staff HPRD | 0.253 | 0.191 *** | 0.261 | 0.222 *** | 0.177 | 0.165 ** |
| Staff Retention Rate | 0.674 | 0.670 *** | 0.674 | 0.654 *** | 0.682 | 0.683 |
| Quality Indicators | ||||||
| 1-Star Facility† | 0.053 | 0.058 *** | 0.053 | 0.058 *** | 0.042 | 0.058 *** |
| 2-Star Facility | 0.216 | 0.289 | 0.215 | 0.283 | 0.225 | 0.304 |
| 3-Star Facility | 0.419 | 0.340 | 0.416 | 0.326 | 0.516 | 0.375 |
| 4-Star Facility | 0.255 | 0.275 | 0.258 | 0.292 | 0.173 | 0.233 |
| 5-Star Facility | 0.058 | 0.039 | 0.058 | 0.042 | 0.042 | 0.03 |
| Sample Sizes | 10455 | 671 | 9553 | 306 | 902 | 365 |
†
The following table reports the averages for each variable by racial/ethnic group for all facilities, and those that have a low and high proportion of BIPOC residents. The stars represent if there is a statistically significant difference between white and BIPOC residents within each facility type using t-tests unless specified by †. In these cases, chi-squared tests were performed for the entire category (e.g. ownership, location, and quality indicators).
ADL = activities of daily living; ; BIPOC = Black, Indigenous and other Persons of Color; HPRD = hours per resident day.
***
< 1%
**
< 5%
*
< 10%