Table 2.
Group differences in demographics and clinical behavioral measures.
| Measurement | Food addiction versus no food addiction | Females with food addiction versus males with food addiction | Females with food addiction versus females with no food addiction | Males with food addiction versus males with no food addiction | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| F-statistic | p-value | F-statistic | p-value | F-statistic | p-value | F-statistic | p-value | |
| Age | 2.92 | 0.09 | 0.56 | 4.00E−03 | 6.00E−03 | 6.00E−03 | 2.01 | 0.01 |
| BMI | 9.58 | 2.00E−03 | 0.70 | 0.41 | 9.62 | 2.00E−03 | 3.01 | 0.09 |
| Height | 0.60 | 0.44 | 16.33 | 8.59E−05 | 0.15 | 0.70 | 1.29 | 0.26 |
| Weight | 5.23 | 0.02 | 2.16 | 0.14 | 7.07 | 9.00E−03 | 1.12 | 0.29 |
| Hip | 2.44 | 0.12 | 1.75 | 0.19 | 7.45 | 8.00E−03 | 0.40 | 0.84 |
| Yale Food Addiction Survey (YFAS) | ||||||||
| YFAS withdrawal | 39.76 | 3.22E−09 | 0.64 | 0.42 | 30.21 | 1.68E−07 | 16.29 | 8.72E−05 |
| YFAS tolerance | 53.50 | 1.73E−11 | 0.20 | 0.66 | 45.53 | 3.78E−10 | 19.72 | 1.79E−05 |
| YFAS continued use | 85.23 | 2.84E−16 | 1.32 | 0.26 | 89.25 | 7.95E−17 | 25.59 | 1.25E−06 |
| YFAS given up | 51.39 | 3.56E−11 | 8.34 | 4.00E−03 | 18.55 | 3.03E−05 | 33.29 | 4.62E−08 |
| YFAS time spent | 77.77 | 3.20E−15 | 0.31 | 0.58 | 77.79 | 3.18E−15 | 24.57 | 1.96E−06 |
| YFAS loss of control | 48.32 | 1.14E−10 | 7.02 | 0.01 | 19.81 | 1.69E−05 | 29.46 | 2.34E−07 |
| YFAS unsuccessful cut down | 13.11 | 4.13E−04 | 1.74 | 0.19 | 23.02 | 4.16E−06 | 1.77 | 0.19 |
| YFAS clinical significant impairment | 47.65 | 1.45E−10 | 4.63 | 0.03 | 23.32 | 3.43E−06 | 26.44 | 8.60E−07 |
| YFAS symptom count | 294.83 | 7.44E−37 | 0.70 | 0.40 | 238.71 | 1.60E−32 | 114.45 | 4.41E−20 |
| General Food Craving Questionnaire (GFCQT) | ||||||||
| GFCQT trigger | 27.54 | 9.81E−07 | 0.53 | 0.47 | 23.88 | 4.31E−06 | 12.09 | 1.00E−03 |
| GFCQT control | 35.85 | 4.19E−08 | 0.20 | 0.66 | 35.25 | 5.22E−08 | 14.34 | 2.74E−04 |
| GFCQT intentions | 21.17 | 1.37E−05 | 0.11 | 0.75 | 17.00 | 8.29E−05 | 9.67 | 0.003 |
| GFCQT preoccupation | 42.61 | 3.59E−09 | 0.31 | 0.58 | 37.97 | 1.88E−08 | 18.36 | 4.50E−05 |
| GFCQT emotions | 43.39 | 2.74E−09 | 1.34 | 0.25 | 31.84 | 1.84E−07 | 21.16 | 1.35E−05 |
| GFCQT total | 42.07 | 4.65E−09 | 0.38 | 0.54 | 36.31 | 3.62E−08 | 18.31 | 4.68E−05 |
| Hospital Anxiety/Depression Scale (HAD) | ||||||||
| HAD anxiety | 5.33 | 0.02 | 0.41 | 0.52 | 4.85 | 0.03 | 1.69 | 0.12 |
| HAD depression | 9.70 | 2.00E−03 | 0.32 | 0.57 | 4.19 | 0.04 | 5.65 | 0.02 |
BMI, Body Mass Index; GFCQT, General Food Cravings Questionnaire—Trait; HAD, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; YFAS, Yale Food Addiction Scale.
p-value significant < .05.
All significant group differences in demographics and clinical behavioral measures for individuals with food addiction (females and males) and individuals with no food addiction (females and males). All bolded values are significant p < 0.05.