Figure 5.

Theoretical effect of intravenous administration of four crystalloid solutions on venous blood pH in healthy neonatal calves. SIDe = the effective strong ion difference between the charge of strong cations (Na in 1.3% sodium bicarbonate and 0.9% NaCl; Na, K and Ca in lactated Ringer's, Na, K, and Mg in acetated Ringer's) and strong anions that are not metabolized or are minimally metabolized by the calf (Cl in 0.9% NaCl; Cl and D-Lactate in lactated Ringer's; Cl and gluconate in acetated Ringer's). Because D-lactate in lactated Ringer's is present in a racemic mixture in some commercially available formulations, lactated Ringer's is presented as two solutions: (1) an equimolar solution of L-lactate and D-lactate, with an SIDe = 14 mmol/L; (2) a solution where lactate is only in the L-isomer form, with an SIDe = 28 mmol/L. Note that all solutions, except 1.3% sodium bicarbonate, are acidifying in neonatal calves. Adapted from: Constable (19).