Table 1.
Baseline clinical and radiologic characteristics of patients.
| Variable | Entire set (n = 256) | Training set (n = 136) | Testing set (n = 120) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | 0.899 | |||
| Female | 51 (20) | 28 (21) | 23 (19) | |
| Male | 205 (80) | 108 (79) | 97 (81) | |
| Age (yr) | 60.5 (52–71) | 60.0 (52–67) | 61 (53–73) | 0.359 |
| Hepatitis infection | 0.207 | |||
| absent | 51 (20) | 30 (22) | 21 (18) | |
| hepatitis B | 197 (77) | 104 (76) | 93 (78) | |
| hepatitis C | 8 (3) | 2 (1) | 6 (5) | |
| Child-Pugh grade | 0.205 | |||
| A | 222 (87) | 114 (84) | 108 (90) | |
| B | 34 (13) | 22 (16) | 12 (10) | |
| BCLC stage | 0.060 | |||
| A | 101 (39.5) | 61 (44.9) | 40 (33.3) | |
| B | 155 (60.5) | 75 (55.1) | 80 (66.7) | |
| NLR | 2.59 (1.77–4.01) | 2.66 (1.77–4.14) | 2.51 (1.86–3.49) | 0.335 |
| ALB (g/L) | 37.1 (34.0–41.0) | 38.5 (34.5–42.1) | 36.4 (32.3–40.0) | 0.010 |
| Serum bilirubin (μmol/L) | 16.1 (11.2–22.4) | 16.3 (11.2–22.3) | 16.0 (11.2–21.4) | 0.561 |
| ALT (U/L) | 35.5 (22.8–60) | 35.0 (22.8–62.4) | 37.0 (22.8–58.0) | 0.770 |
| AST (U/L) | 44.0 (30–67.3) | 48.3 (3.24–68.1) | 40.0 (2.88–65.5) | 0.132 |
| AFP (ng/dl) | 0.216 | |||
| <200 | 144 (56) | 83 (61) | 61 (51) | |
| 200-400 | 15 (6) | 6 (4) | 9 (8) | |
| >400 | 97 (38) | 47 (35) | 50 (42) | |
| Radiologic features | ||||
| Tumor number | 0.032 | |||
| 1 | 92 (35.9) | 62 (45.6) | 30 (25.0) | |
| 2 | 72 (28.1) | 29 (21.3) | 43 (35.8) | |
| 3 | 27 (10.5) | 9 (6.6) | 18 (15.0) | |
| 4 | 22 (8.6) | 11 (8.1) | 11 (9.2) | |
| ≥5 | 43 (16.9) | 25 (18.4) | 18 (15.0) | |
| Tumor size (cm) | 6.2 (3.8–10.2) | 6.7 (4.2–10.2) | 6.0 (3.4–10.3) | 0.398 |
| Arterial phase hyperenhancement | 0.664 | |||
| typical | 192 (75.0) | 104 (76.5) | 88 (73.3) | |
| atypical | 64 (25.0) | 32 (23.5) | 32 (26.7) | |
| Tumor capsule | 0.313 | |||
| absent | 144 (56.3) | 81 (59.6) | 63 (52.5) | |
| present | 112 (43.7) | 55 (40.4) | 57 (47.5) | |
| Multilobe involved | 0.073 | |||
| absent | 165 (64.5) | 95 (69.9) | 70 (58.3) | |
| present | 91 (35.5) | 41 (30.1) | 50 (41.7) | |
| Tumor margin | 0.777 | |||
| smooth | 116 (45.3) | 60 (44.1) | 56 (46.7) | |
| nonsmooth | 140 (54.7) | 76 (55.9) | 64 (53.3) | |
| Arterial peritumoral enhancement | 0.939 | |||
| absent | 217 (84.8) | 116 (85.3) | 101 (84.2) | |
| present | 39 (15.2) | 20 (14.7) | 19 (15.8) | |
| Intratumor necrosis | 0.495 | |||
| absent | 81 (31.6) | 40 (29.4) | 41 (34.2) | |
| present | 175 (68.4) | 96 (70.6) | 79 (65.8) | |
| Intratumor hemorrhage | 0.060 | |||
| absent | 15 (5.9) | 12 (8.8) | 3 (2.5) | |
| present | 241 (94.1) | 124 (91.2) | 117 (97.5) |
Note–Data are median (IQR), n (%). BCLC, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer; NLR, neutrophils/lymphocytes ratio; ALB, albumin; ALT, alanine transaminase; AST, aspartate transaminase; AFP = alpha-fetoprotein.