Figure 2.
Fibroblast reprogramming strategies. Purple shaded region: direct iCM reprogramming. GMT/GHMT, GATA4, MEF2C, TBX5/GATA4, HAND2, MEF2C, TBX5; MM3, MYOD transactivation domain—MEF2C fusion protein. Tan shaded region: iCPC reprogramming; OSKM, OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, C-MYC; O+SCFP, OCT4 + SB431542, CHIR99021, Forskolin, and Parnate; CRFVPT(M), CHIR99021, RepSox, Forskolin, Valproic acid, Parnate, TTNPB, and (Rolipram); 9C; CHIR99021, BIX01294, A-83-01, AS8351, SC1, OAC2, Y27632, SU16F, and JNJ10198409. Green shaded region: iPSC reprogramming. C6PFVTD; CHIR99021, 616452, Parnate, Forskolin, Valproic Acid, TTNPB, and DZnep. Red shaded region: cardiac differentiation of pluripotent or multipotent stem cells to generate CMs. Lineage specific markers for each cell type are listed in light brown boxes. Purple text indicates factors that enhance reprogramming of rodent fibroblasts. Blue text indicates factors that enhance reprogramming of human fibroblasts. Signaling pathways that enhance or inhibit reprogramming are depicted in green or red boxes, respectively.