Table 1.
Oxygen Saturation Measurements and Summary of Previous Studies
| Oxygen Saturation (%) ± SD | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study | Year | PMID | Arterioles | Venules | Wavelengths (nm) | Subjects (s) or Eyes (e) | Comments |
| Hickam et al.107 | 1963 | 13961118 | N/A | 58 ± 10, 60 ± 16 | 640/800, 640/505 | 55s, 10s | First non-invasive retinal oximetry assessment in healthy individuals |
| Schweitzer et al.108 | 1999 | 10612903 | 92.2 ± 4.1 | 57.9 ± 9.9 | 510/586 | 30e | Multi-wavelength capture; used method for calibration |
| Beach et al.9 | 1999 | 9931217 | N/A | 55 ± 3.38 | 569/600 | 7s | ODR concept |
| Hammer et al.43 | 2008 | 19021395 | 98.0 ± 10.1 | 65.0 ± 11.7 | 548/610 | 20s | — |
| Kim et al.109 | 2011 | 21478073 | 96.0 ± 6.0 | 54.0 ± 8.0 | 568/600 | 11s | Inhalation of 100% O2 |
| Mordant et al.56 | 2011 | 21390065 | 104.3 ± 16.7 | 34.8 ± 17.8 | 420–720 | 14s | Hyperspectral imaging |
| Geirsdottir et al.14 | 2012 | 22786895 | 92.2 ± 3.7 | 55.6 ± 6.3 | 570/600 | 120s | Cohort of wide age range |
| Palsson et al.34 | 2012 | 22395877 | 93.1 ± 2.3 | 64.9 ± 3.3 | 570/600 | 26s | Cohort of younger patients; saturation varied with change of gaze |
| Heitmar and Safeen110 | 2012 | 22395204 | P: 94.7 ± 3.9 N: 99.7 ± 3.2 | P: 65.1 ± 7.2 N: 90.3 ± 6.7 | 548/610 | 12s | Peripheric (P) vs. near-macular (N) arterioles and venules |
| Man et al.111 | 2013 | 23802705 | 94.03 ± 4.89 | 61.83 ± 4.99 | 548/610 | 20s | — |
| Kristjansdottir et al.35 | 2013 | 23572109 | ODR: 0.22 ± 0.04 | ODR: 0.50 ± 0.09 | 570/600 | 16s | Choroidal oximetry further assessed |
| Shahidi et al.112 | 2013 | 23791637 | ST: 103.98 ± 13.07 IT: 96.41 ± 10.89 | ST: 48.70 ± 11.47 IT: 47.69 ± 18.06 | 548/569/586/600/605/610 | 9s | Hyperspectral imaging; quadrant analysis |
| Jani et al.113 | 2014 | 23842102 | 90.4 ± 4.3 | 55.3 ± 7.1 | 570/600 | 61s | Multiethnic study |
| Man et al.114 | 2014 | 24526435 | 96.02 (IQR, 90.62–98.57) | 61.99 (IQR, 56.68–64.08) | 548/610 | 100e | Cohort of different ages |
| Palkovits et al.115 | 2014 | 25015353 | 92.3 ± 3.9 | 61.8 ± 4.4 | 545/610 | 46s | Inhalation of 100% O2 |
| Yip et al.116 | 2014 | 25301879 | 93.64 ± 6.9 | 54.22 ± 6.9 | 570/600 | 118s | Asian population |
| Mohan et al.38 | 2015 | 25923699 | 90.3 ± 6.6 | 56.9 ± 6.3 | 570/600 | 98s | Asian–Indian population |
| Yang et al.117 | 2016 | 26742652 | 93.2 ± 6.3 | 60.4 ± 5.3 | 570/600 | 126s | Chinese population |
| Nakano et al.36 | 2016 | 27434373 | 97.0 ± 6.9 | 52.8 ± 8.3 | 570/600 | 252s | Japanese population |
| Liu et al.37 | 2017 | 27807947 | 85.5 ± 7.1 | 48.2 ± 5.5 | Not cited | 122s | Chinese adolescents |
ST, superior temporal; IT, inferior temporal; IQR, interquartile range.