Table 2.

Main analyses showing meta-analysis results from trials reporting the association between antihypertensive treatment and adverse events and cardiovascular and mortality outcomes

Outcome	No of studies	Sample size			Events		Effect size (95% CI)*	I2 (%)	τ2	95% prediction interval
		Intervention group	Control group		Intervention group	Control group
Adverse events
Falls4 16 49 60 71 72 75 85 (primary outcome)	7	14 719	14 762		913	877	1.05 (0.89 to 1.24)	31.5	0.009	0.77 to 1.43
Acute kidney injury4 16 33 38 39 51 61 62 64 68 79 81 85 88	15	43 467	52 133		909	785	1.18 (1.01 to 1.39)	48.1	0.037	0.76 to 1.85
Fractures16 50 60 71 72 89	5	6447	6466		230	267	0.93 (0.58 to 1.48)	53.8	0.062	0.36 to 2.41
Gout17 35 55 83 90	5	16 524	16 137		249	26	3.84 (0.95 to 15.57)	84.3	1.374	0.11 to 138.91
Hyperkalaemia4 16 30-34 38 41 43 45 51 57 59 62 64 68 73 74 77 79 82 85 86 91-93	26	57 604	61 795		2749	1880	1.89 (1.56 to 2.30)	71.8	0.121	0.90 to 3.98
Hypokalaemia4 16 35 38 43 51 57 71 72 74 83 86 94	12	19 748	19 528		517	274	1.54 (0.63 to 3.75)	94.3	1.612	0.08 to 29.98
Hypotension4 16 27 29-32 34 36 38 39 42 51-53 56 58 62 64 65 68-70 75 76 78 80-82 85-87 91 93	35	88 575	93 547		5390	3121	1.97 (1.67 to 2.32)	85.1	0.132	0.92 to 4.18
Syncope4 16 17 27 60 61 63 64 68 75-78 81 85 87	16	51 072	51 189‬		644	543	1.28 (1.03 to 1.59)	42.9	0.050	0.75 to 2.17
Cardiovascular and mortality outcomes
All cause mortality4 16 17 28 31 32 34 36 38 42 56 57 62 63 69 71 72 74 75 77 79-81 85-87 89 91	32	128 619‬	128 729		11 831	13 018	0.93 (0.88 to 0.98)	50.4	0.008	0.77 to 1.12
Cardiovascular death4 16 17 30-32 36 45 51 57 61-63 69 71 72 75 77 82 85 87 91 92	21	92 676	92 733		6341	6890‬	0.92 (0.86 to 0.99)	54.6	0.011	0.73 to 1.16
Myocardial infarction4 16 17 28 32 38 45 57 61-63 71 72 75 77 79 85 87 89 91 92	19	75 002‬	75 301		2900	3255	0.94 (0.85 to 1.03)	40.7	0.013	0.73 to 1.21
Stroke4 16 17 28 36 38 45 57 61-64 75 77 79 85 89 92	17	104 153	104 366		3220	3733	0.84 (0.76 to 0.93)	44.8	0.013	0.64 to 1.09

^*Adverse events reported as risk ratios and cardiovascular and mortality outcomes reported as hazard ratios (in studies reporting outcome as time to event). Binary and rate outcomes for cardiovascular and mortality outcomes are presented in supplementary figures 15-17.