Fig 2.

Association between the use of macrolides during pregnancy and the risk of major birth defects. The associated risk of major birth defects and specific subgroups of birth defects in women who used macrolides in the first trimester was compared with three distinct propensity score matched pregnancy groups: women who used penicillin (that is, phenoxymethylpenicillin, matched in a 1:1 ratio), women who used macrolides recently but before becoming pregnant (1:1), and women who did not use any antibiotics (1:4)