Table 3.

Comparison of self-reported childhood maltreatment between groups.

	Group							Effect size
	HC (n = 39)		ED (n = 38)		PDD (n = 34)		Test statistic	HC vs. ED	HC vs. PDD	ED vs. PDD
Characteristic	M	SD	M	SD	M	SD	F2,108	d	d	d
CTQ total score	34.97	9.77	43.63	11.95	53.26	19.76	a14.43***	0.79*	1.17***	0.59*
Emotional abuse	7.56	2.82	10.76	4.86	13.71	5.45	a19.96***	0.81**	1.42***	0.57*
Physical abuse	5.9	2.1	6.47	2.24	9.21	4.92	a6.61**	0.26	0.88***	0.72**
Sexual abuse	5.26	0.79	5.63	1.58	7.35	5.34	a3.23*	0.3	0.55*	0.44
Emotional neglect	9.77	4.63	12.82	4.75	14.03	5.21	b7.60**	0.65*	0.86**	0.24
Physical neglect	6.49	1.89	7.95	3.24	8.97	3.76	a7.45**	0.55	0.83**	0.29

CTQ, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire; M, mean; SD, standard deviation; HC, healthy control group; ED, episodic depression; PDD, persistent depressive disorder.

^aWelch-ANOVA.

^bANOVA; Bonferroni Post-hoc Tests.

^*p < 0.05,

^**p < 0.01,

^***p < 0.001.