Table 2.
Survival/Risk factors associated with mortality in age-specific patient cohort infected with COVID-19.
| Univariate analysis | AOR (95%CI) | Wald's P-value |
|---|---|---|
| Demographic and clinical characteristics | ||
| Hypertension: 1 vs. 0 | 1.76 (1.03, 3.02) | 0.040 |
| Respiratory rate, breaths per min | 1.08 (1.02, 1.13) | 0.006 |
| Pulse rate, beats per min | 1.03 (1.01, 1.05) | 0.001 |
| Treatments | ||
| Antibiotics: 1 vs. 0 | 10.16 (3.73, 27.69) | <0.001 |
| Corticosteroids: 1 vs. 0 | 2.03 (1.13, 3.65) | 0.018 |
| Interferon atmotherapy: 1 vs. 0 | 0.29 (0.17, 0.51) | <0.001 |
| Immunoglobulin: 1 vs. 0 | 2.43 (1.4, 4.21) | 0.002 |
| Non-invasive mechanical ventilation (NIMV): 1 vs.0 | 27.3 (11.6, 64.26) | <0.001 |
| Invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV): 1 vs.0 | 36.77 (4.94, 273.53) | <0.001 |
| Immune components | ||
| White blood cell (WBC) count, × 109/L | 1.23 (1.14, 1.34) | <0.001 |
| Neutrophil count, × 109/L | 1.28 (1.17, 1.41) | <0.001 |
| Lymphocyte count, × 109/L | 0.2 (0.1, 0.41) | <0.001 |
| Neutrophil ratio | 1.08 (1.03, 1.21) | <0.001 |
| Lymphocyte ratio | 0.12 (0.08, 0.23) | <0.001 |
| Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio | 1.12 (1.08, 1.17) | <0.001 |
| IM.Index | 13.82 (6.19, 30.83) | <0.001 |
| Other laboratory findings | ||
| Alanine transaminase (ALT), U/L | 1.01 (1, 1.03) | 0.049 |
| Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), U/L | 1.04 (1.02, 1.06) | <0.001 |
| Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), U/L | 1.02 (1.01,1.04) | <0.001 |
| Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), U/L | 1.0063 (1.0042, 1.0085) | <0.001 |
| gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GT), U/L | 1.007 (1.0002, 1.0139) | 0.044 |
| Total bilirubin, μmol/L | 1.11 (1.06, 1.17) | <0.001 |
| Albumin, g/L | 0.83 (0.77, 0.89) | <0.001 |
| Creatine kinase (CK), U/L | 1.0078 (1.0009, 1.0147) | 0.026 |
| Urea, mmol/L | 1.11 (1.05, 1.17) | <0.001 |
| Uric acid, μmol/L | 1.0025 (1.0005, 1.0045) | 0.013 |
| K+, mmol/L | 1.63 (1.08, 2.46) | 0.020 |
| Na+, mmol/L | 1.06 (1.01, 1.11) | 0.025 |
| Cl -, mmol/L | 1.05 (1, 1.09) | 0.039 |
| P, mmol/L | 9.36 (2.26, 38.82) | 0.002 |
| Mg2+, mmol/L | 17.12 (3.1, 94.6) | 0.001 |
| high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), mg/L | 1.02 (1.01, 1.03) | <0.001 |
| Creatinine, umol/L | 0.98 (0.97, 0.99) | <0.001 |
| Blood platelet (PLT) count, × 109/L | 0.9928 (0.9893, 0.9963) | <0.001 |
| Prothrombin time (PT), s | 1.24 (1.08, 1.42) | 0.003 |
| D-D dimer, μg/mL FEU | 1.21 (1.12, 1.32) | <0.001 |
| Multivariate analysis | AOR (95%CI) | Wald's P-value |
| Number of events/patients (%) | 132/223 (59.2%) | … |
| D-D dimer, μg/mL FEU | 1.13 (1.04–1.22) | 0.005 |
| IM.Index | 6.42 (2.66–15.48) | <0.001 |
| Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio | 1.08 (1.03–1.13) | <0.001 |
| Covariate | Coefficient | Score |
| D-D dimer, μg/mL FEU | 2 | 2 × D-D dimer |
| IM.Index | 10 | 10 × IM.Index |
| Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio | 1 | 1 × ratio |
| Total computed score and risk stratification | ||
| Low risk | ≤ 106 | |
| High risk | > 106 | |
AOR, Adjusted odds ratio; CI, Confidence interval.