Table 1.

Vascular grafts approved for clinical use: summary of the vascular grafts currently approved and commercially available for clinical use based on U.S. and European guidelines of revascularization (8–11).

Vascular size	Clinical disease	Surgical repair	Autologous graft	Synthetic graft
				Material*	Diameter	Accessory processing
Large	Aortic aneurysm Aortic dissection	Replacement	Not available	Polyethylene terephthalate (Dacron) (7) Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTEE) (12) Polyurethane (13)	18–30 mm	Bovine gelatin sealing of outer surface (leakage prevention) Heparin coating of inner surface (anticoagulation) Layering (elastic and hemostatic effect) Ring support (kink and collapse prevention)
Middle	Carotid artery disease Lower-extremity Arterial disease (above knee) Arteriovenous fistula	Replacement Bypass Patch plasty	Great saphenous vein Upper-extremity vein		5–10 mm
Small	Coronary artery disease Lower-extremity Arterial disease (below knee)	Bypass	Intra thoracic artery Great saphenous vein Radial artery Gastroepiploic Artery	Not available

Variety of synthetic grafts are available for mid to large vascular repair and the smallest diameter of a commercialized graft for revascularization is 5 mm. In contrast, autologous grafts are the only option for small caliber vascular repair. *References indicate the first reports in human use.