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. 2021 Jan 15;11:605934. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2020.605934

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Copyright © 2021 D’Onofrio, Tumino, Gardiman, Crespan, Bignami, de Palma, Barbagallo, Muganu, Morcia, Novello, Schneider and Terzi.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The resulted main founders of the traditional cultivated germplasm are scattered along the Italian peninsula according to their influence geographic areas. Green highlighted area: south-western Italy (IT-SW); Brown area: Italian Adriatic Coast (IT-AC) area of diversification; Red area: north-western Italy (IT-NW) area of diversification; Blue: Italian Northern Borders; Dotted arrows: the direction of the supposed genetic flow related to “Visparola” (red) and “Sangiovese” (blue) along the Italian peninsula, and to “Visparola” in the Balkans; Black arrows: introgression of varieties from outside areas; and Brown arrows: connections among some Italian regions with the Italian main centers of diversification. Map of Italy by Vemaps.com.