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. 2021 Jan 20;14:626769. doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2020.626769

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Copyright © 2021 Arida and Teixeira-Machado.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Design of intervention studies on brain resilience in this review. Dotted lines represent follow up outcomes. (1). Exercise during pre-natal period and its effect on brain offspring (infancy and adolescence). (2) Exercise during post-natal brain development (infancy and adolescence) and its effect in later life. (3) Exercise in adulthood, aging and in some-neurologic disease.