Table 2.
Injury Severity and Outcomes Comparing Shifters and Nonshifters
| Shifters (n = 21) | Nonshifters (n = 35) | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| OLFM4 and WBC | |||
| Admission OLFM4%, median (IQR) | 29.3 (22.1 to 40.4) | 21.6 (10 to 32.9) | 0.03 |
| Day 7 OLFM4%, median (IQR) | 48.8 (37.8 to 63.9) | 21.6 (9.9 to 32.4) | <0.001 |
| Change in OLFM4%, median (IQR) | 13.6 (8.2 to 24.7) | 1.1 (0 to 2.4) | <0.001 |
| Admission WBC × 1,000/mcl, median (IQR) | 19.4 (10.4 to 21.7) | 13.3 (11.1 to 19.5) | 0.161 |
| 48-h WBC × 1,000/mcl, median (IQR) | 10.5 (7.7 to 14.3); n = 13 | 8.9 (7.6 to 11.8); n = 31 | 0.269 |
| Day 7 WBC × 1,000/mcl, median (IQR) | 13.5 (10.3 to 16.8); n = 20 | 10.3 (7.1 to 13.9); n = 15 | 0.067 |
| Injury scores | |||
| ISS, median (IQR) | 29 (22 to 41) | 22 (14 to 29) | 0.003 |
| Highest Marshall score, median (IQR) | 3 (2 to 5) | 1 (0 to 3) | 0.004 |
| Highest Denver score, median (IQR) | 1 (1 to 3) | 0 (0 to 1) | 0.002 |
| Worst AIS, n (%) | |||
| 2 | 0 (0.0) | 2 (5.7) | 0.02 |
| 3 | 6 (28.6) | 21 (60.0) | |
| 4 | 9 (42.9) | 10 (28.6) | |
| 5 | 6 (28.6) | 2 (5.7) | |
| First 24 h | |||
| IVF, L, median (IQR) | 3.6 (2.7 to 5.7) | 3.1 (1.8 to 4.1) | 0.05 |
| pRBC, U, median (IQR) | 3 (1 to 7) | 0 (0 to 1) | <0.001 |
| Admit lactate mg/dl, median (IQR) | 5.3 (3.8 to 6.3) | 2.7 (2 to 5.1) | 0.002 |
| Admit base deficit, mEq/L, median (IQR) | −0.2 (−4.2 to 4.6) | 0.6 (−1.8 to 2.9) | 0.62 |
| Hemorrhagic shock, n (%) | 17 (81.0) | 5 (14.3) | <0.001 |
| Outcomes | |||
| Total pRBC, median (IQR) | 7 (3 to 9) | 0 (0 to 3) | <0.001 |
| Total FFP, median (IQR) | 3 (1 to 5) | 0 (0 to 2) | 0.002 |
| LOS, median (IQR) | 15 (11 to 20) | 8 (4 to 12) | <0.001 |
| ICU days, median (IQR) | 6 (4 to 16) | 3 (2 to 5) | <0.001 |
| Ventilator days, median (IQR) | 3 (1 to 7) | 0 (0 to 0) | <0.001 |
| Any surgery, n (%) | 21 (100) | 22 (62.9) | 0.001 |
| Emergent surgery, n (%) | 15 (71.4) | 12 (34.3) | 0.01 |
| 30-d readmission, n (%) | 4 (19.1) | 5 (14.3) | 0.72 |
| Complication, n (%) | 14 (66.7) | 9 (25.7) | 0.003 |
| Infection, n (%) | 7 (33.3) | 5 (14.3) | 0.11 |
| Disposition, n (%) | |||
| Home | 4 (19.1) | 18 (51.4) | 0.03 |
| Rehab, SNF, LTAC | 16 (76.2) | 17 (48.6) | |
| Death | 1 (4.8) | 0 (0.0) |
Definition of abbreviations: AIS = abbreviated injury score; FFP = fresh frozen plasma; ISS = injury severity score; IVF = intravenous fluid; LOS = length of stay; LTAC = long-term acute care hospital; OLFM4 = Olfactomedin 4; pRBC = packed red blood cells; Rehab = rehabilitation; SNF = skilled nursing facility; WBC = white blood cell count.
Comparisons meeting statistical significance are in bold typeface.