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| Groups | N | Pretest mean (SD) | Posttest mean (SD) | Paired t-test t-score | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Task value | |||||
| Control Group | 127 | 4.58 (0.61) | 4.57 (0.60) | t(126)= 0.355 | p=0.723 |
| Experimental Group | 191 | 4.57 (0.57) | 4.52 (0.63) | t(190)=1.005 | p=0.316 |
| Self-efficacy | |||||
| Control Group | 127 | 3.49 (0.96) | 3.91 (0.89) | t(126)=-7.085 | p<0.001 |
| Experimental Group | 191 | 3.55 (0.83) | 3.93 (0.76) | t (190)=-7.638 | p<0.001 |
