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Adjusted time to event curves for all-cause mortality for new tramadol and other opioid use vs. no opioids. Curves were regression adjusted with variables from Table 2. Tramadol vs. no opioids HR 1.21, P < 0.0001; other opioids vs. no opioids HR 1.17, P = 0.0004; Tramadol vs. other opioids HR 0.96, not significant. HR, hazard ratio.
