Supplementary Fig. 1.

Flowchart of the risk assessment according to the guidelines from the Japan Atherosclerosis Society

Abbreviations: CKD, chronic kidney disease; CVD, cardiovascular disease; PAD, peripheral artery disease.

Suita score was calculated on the basis of the following risk factors at baseline for each participant: age, sex, smoking habits, blood pressure level, serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and prediabetes among subjects without CVD-related comorbidities. Eligible participants (n = 3,080) were selected from 3,384 study population, after excluding 8 subjects who did not consent to participate in the study, 223 subjects who had past history of CVD, and 73 subjects for whom serum sdLDL cholesterol data were lacking.