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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Jan 21.
Published in final edited form as: Ethn Health. 2021 Jan 21;26(1):49–67. doi: 10.1080/13557858.2021.1873250

Table 2.

Predisposing, Reinforcing, and Enabling Barriers and Facilitators to Prevention of COVID-19

PRECEDE Construct Themes
Predisposing Barriers to Prevention

  • Apathy

  • Young people –not worried about COVID
Reinforcing Barriers to Prevention

  • Social Distancing (lack of due to gathering in groups, especially younger people)

  • Information
    • mixed messages (government officials)
    • lack of information
Enabling Barriers to Prevention

  • Social distancing (lack of due to crowded conditions, essential jobs)

  • Lack of PPE
Predisposing Facilitators to Prevention

  • Fears (of getting the virus)

  • Older people – following guidelines (concern with contracting virus)
Reinforcing Facilitators to Prevention
  • Trusted information sources
    • word of mouth
    • news (local)
    • frontline workers and scientists
    • social media (Facebook)
    • Government officials and agencies (local)

  • Information (accessible, clear and comprehensive)

  • Ways to get information to people
Enabling Facilitators to Prevention

  • PPE

  • Contact tracing