Table 1.

Top three barriers in each pillar identified in phase I

Drug development	Clinical care	Access to care
Lack of biomarkers to predict response to drug in clinical trials	Lack of diagnostic, predictive and prognostic biomarkers for lupus	Less effective management of lupus due to social determinants of health in predominantly lower socioeconomic status areas
Lack of user-friendly, sensitive and accurate outcome measures	Lack of treatment adherence	Lack of patient access to clinical lupus experts
Suboptimal clinical trial design and outcome measures for patients across age groups	Limited awareness and understanding of lupus among non-expert medical professionals	Lack of access to medications either due to lack of coverage or added cost to patients