Table 1. Demographic and other baseline characteristics of the dengue infection status (dengue-positive and non-dengue) among patients with non-malarial febrile illness identified in the health facility-based fever surveillance established in Lambaréné, Gabon in 2015–2016.
| Characteristics | Total (n = 682) | Dengue-positive (n = 119) | Non-dengue (n = 563) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean age (SD) | 9.15 (7.66) | 8.96 (6.57) | 9.19 (7.88) | 0.766 |
| Age group (years) | 0.698 | |||
| 1–4 | 233 (34.2) | 40 (33.6) | 193 (34.3) | |
| 5–9 | 203 (29.8) | 35 (29.4) | 168 (29.8) | |
| 10–14 | 105 (15.4) | 19 (16.0) | 86 (15.3) | |
| 15–19 | 83 (12.2) | 13 (10.9) | 70 (12.4) | |
| 20–24 | 43 (6.3) | 11 (9.2) | 32 (5.7) | |
| 25–34 | 4 (0.6) | 1 (0.8) | 3 (0.5) | |
| 35–55 | 11 (1.6) | 0 | 11 (2.0) | |
| Fever duration prior to visit | 0.080 | |||
| 1–2 days | 226 (33.1) | 29 (24.4) | 197 (35.0) | |
| 3 days | 228 (33.4) | 46 (38.7) | 182 (32.3) | |
| 4–7 days | 228 (33.4) | 44 (37.0) | 184 (32.7) | |
| Fever duration, entire illness | 3.22 (1.24) | 3.41 (1.24) | 3.18 (1.23) | 0.059 |
| Temperature at presentation (SD) | 38.31 (0.81) | 38.39 (0.89) | 38.29 (0.80) | 0.211 |
| Temperature at enrollment | 0.514 | |||
| Below 38.5°C | 509 (74.6) | 86 (72.3) | 423 (75.1) | |
| ≥ 38.5°C | 173 (25.4) | 33 (27.7) | 140 (24.9) | |
| Prev. dengue infection (self-report) | 0 | 0 | 0 | - |
| YF vaccination | 473 (69.4) | 85 (71.4) | 388 (68.9) | 0.589 |
| Inpatients/Outpatients | 116 (17.0)/566 (83.0) | 24 (20.2)/95 (79.8) | 92 (16.3)/471 (83.7) | 0.313 |
| Mean days of hospitalization among IPD patients (SD) | 4.58 (1.35) | 4.33 (1.74) | 4.66 (1.21) | 0.338 |
| Female | 321 (47.1) | 49 (41.2) | 272 (48.3) | 0.157 |
| Clinical diagnosis | ||||
| Suspected dengue | 5 (0.7) | 4 (3.4) | 1 (0.2) | < .001 |
| Non-dengue | 677 (99.3) | 115 (96.6) | 562 (99.8) | |
| Viral syndrome (% of non-dengue) | 247 (36.5) | 40 (34.8) | 207 (36.8) | |
| Malaria | 236 (34.9) | 44 (38.3) | 192 (34.2) | |
| Diarrheal illness | 99 (14.6) | 15 (13.0) | 84 (15.0) | |
| Bronchitis | 39 (5.8) | 4 (3.5) | 35 (6.2) | |
| URI | 13 (1.9) | 2 (1.7) | 11 (2.0) | |
| Otitis media | 5 (0.7) | 2 (1.7) | 3 (0.5) | |
| Other | 38 (5.6) | 8 (7.0) | 30 (5.3) | |
| Signs and symptoms (presence) | ||||
| Rash | 30 (4.4) | 6 (5.0) | 24 (4.3) | 0.707 |
| Fatigue/weakness | 248 (36.4) | 53 (44.5) | 195 (34.6) | 0.041 |
| Headache | 277 (40.6) | 51 (42.9) | 226 (40.1) | 0.584 |
| Retro-orbital pain | 25 (3.7) | 9 (7.6) | 16 (2.8) | 0.013 |
| Neck pain | 4 (0.6) | 2 (1.7) | 2 (0.4) | 0.143 |
| Ear pain | 7 (1.0) | 2 (1.7) | 5 (0.9) | 0.436 |
| Breathing difficulty | 19 (2.8) | 4 (3.4) | 15 (2.7) | 0.675 |
| Nasal congestion | 154 (22.6) | 24 (20.2) | 130 (23.1) | 0.488 |
| Rhinorrhea | 119 (17.5) | 16 (13.5) | 103 (18.3) | 0.205 |
| Sore Throat | 12 (1.8) | 3 (2.5) | 9 (1.6) | 0.487 |
| Cough | 376 (55.1) | 61 (51.3) | 315 (56.0) | 0.350 |
| Sputum production | 288 (42.2) | 46 (38.7) | 242 (43.0) | 0.385 |
| Nausea & vomiting | 289 (42.4) | 49 (41.2) | 240 (42.6) | 0.771 |
| Diarrhea | 222 (32.6) | 35 (29.4) | 187 (33.2) | 0.421 |
| Constipation | 36 (5.3) | 10 (8.4) | 26 (4.6) | 0.093 |
| Abdominal pain | 187 (27.4) | 43 (36.1) | 144 (25.6) | 0.019 |
| Petechiae | 6 (0.9) | 1 (0.8) | 5 (0.9) | 0.960 |
| Loss of appetite | 488 (71.6) | 82 (68.9) | 406 (72.1) | 0.481 |
| Muscle pain | 152 (22.3) | 28 (23.5) | 124 (22.0) | 0.720 |
| Joint pain | 154 (22.6) | 28 (23.5) | 126 (22.4) | 0.785 |
°C: degree Celsius; IPD: Inpatient Department; OPD: Outpatient Department; SD: Standard Deviation; URI: Upper respiratory infection; YF: Yellow Fever.