Table 2 |.

Positive Controls to verify functionality of the test model

Description/control	E.coli K12 LPS	ODN2216	PHA-M
Primary purpose	Positive control for Inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12)	Positive control for Type I interferons (IFN-α, IFN-β, IFN-ω) and type III (IFN-λ)	Positive control for Type II interferon (IFN-γ)
Final concentration in assay	20 ng/mL	5 μg/mL	10 μg/mL

Positive controls shown in this table trigger different receptors and molecular pathways in PBMCs and therefore lead to the expression of different inflammatory markers. These controls provide important information about the functionality of the cells used in the study. More details are in Step 35.