Fig. 1. P. falciparum infections observed across study participants and female Anopheles mosquitoes across 14 months.

Female Anopheline mosquitoes were captured weekly by vacuum aspiration and their abdomens were tested using real-time PCR for the presence (red) or absence (gray) of P. falciparum (Pf) parasites. Symptomatic malaria infections were captured by passive case detection with clinical symptoms and positive P. falciparum results by both RDT and real-time PCR (blue). The number of participants who had malaria-like symptoms and requested a symptomatic visit but did not have a confirmed symptomatic infection were also identified (gray). Asymptomatic malaria infections were captured by active case detection at monthly follow-up visits with participants and real-time PCR-positive for P. falciparum. These monthly visits were conducted in different weeks for each of the three villages, with additional re-visits if needed to sample enrolled participants who were absent for the initial visit. Monthly counts of asymptomatic malaria infections (yellow) and uninfected participants (gray) were reported.