Table 1.

Camel welfare indicators were selected by researchers for the principles of Good feeding and Good housing.

Principles	Welfare criteria	Welfare indicators
		Caretaker level	Herd level	Animal level
Good feeding	Appropriate nutrition	Feeding management	Feed availability Feed quality	BCS
			Feeding points
			Feeding behavior
	Absence of prolonged thirst	Watering management	Water availability Water quality	Bucket test
			Water points
			Drinking behavior
Good housing	Comfort around resting	Years of experience in working with animals	Bedding Space allowance Rubbish	Resting behaviorInsects
			Resting behavior
	Thermal comfort	Years of experience in working with camels	Temperature Humidity Wind speed Shade Use of the shade	Use of the shade
	Ease of movement	Camel exercise	Pen/box dimension	Tethering
			Tethering	Hobbled
			Fence quality

The indicators were divided according to welfare criteria and source of information (Caretaker level: indicators collected through an interview of the caretakers; Herd level: indicators collected by a direct evaluation of a group of animals and their pen/box; Animal level: indicators collected by a direct evaluation of individual camels).

BCS, Body Condition Score.