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. 2021 Feb 10;11:3460. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-82891-0

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Violin plots of measured variables across sampling sites in Mekong tributaries of Lao PDR in March 2016 (dry season) and in July 2016 (rainy season): (a) E. coli concentrations ([E. coli], MPN 100 mL⁻¹); (b) total suspended sediment concentrations ([TSS], g L⁻¹); (c) turbidity (NTU); (d) total nitrogen concentration ([TN], mg L⁻¹); (e) total particulate carbon concentration ([TPC], mg L⁻¹); (f) temperature (T, °C); (g) dissolved oxygen saturation (DO, %); (h) pH; (i) electrical conductivity (EC, µS cm⁻¹). Black circle represents the mean, the black line is the median, and black dots are the variable observations. Figures generated with RStudio (version 1.2.1335; http://www.r-project.org) and edited with Inkscape (version 0.92.4; https://inkscape.org).