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. 2021 Feb 10;12:932. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-21156-w

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© The Author(s) 2021

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Fig. 6 — a Structures and energy difference of copper(I) and copper(II) photocatalysts. b Energy profiles for the formation of hydrogen gas through radical mechanisms. Free energies computed using B3LYP/6-31 G(d), Cu:SDD.